The treatment of refractory anemia with primitive cellular proliferation type includes drug treatment (such as immunomodulatory drugs), surgical treatment and so on. 1.Drug treatment: (1) Immunosuppressive drugs: such as cyclosporine, anti-human thymic lymphocyte globulin, etc., which can regulate cellular immunity and promote erythrocyte differentiation. (2) Immunomodulatory drugs: such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, etc., which have the effect of improving anemia. (3) Demethylation therapy: such as Azacitidine, Decitabine, etc., which is mainly used for patients who are not well treated with the above drugs. 2. Surgical treatment: Refractory anemia with primitive cell dysplasia can be cured by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition to the above methods, drugs such as Vinaclat can also be used. It should be noted that patients with refractory anemia with PCM can reduce the adverse effects of the disease through “early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment”, and it is recommended that patients build up confidence in treatment. All of the above medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor, avoid self-medication.