Nowadays, constipation is very common in newborns, infants and children, and it is a headache for parents and doctors, often repeated for a long time. 1, pediatric constipation is more common, from newborn to teenage, may occur. But the vast majority of functional constipation, there is no obvious organic lesions, the etiological mechanism is not completely clear, but most of the months or years will be better. 2, some pediatric constipation presents a transient, dietary management after a period of time on their own to improve. 3, but some pediatric functional constipation is stubborn, treatment is very difficult. Parents must have a correct understanding, and strive for early treatment. 4, persistent constipation through dietary modification, increase water intake, stop or reduce formula feeding, change formula, behavioral interventions (encouragement, training defecation habits, elimination of fear, etc.), increase dietary fiber and other measures have no significant effect. 5, about 50% of the children gradually improve within 1 year, 25% of the children improve within 2 years, and 25% of the children need many years to get better. During this period, parents need to correctly understand, can not be impatient, can not rush to success, and can not sit back and do nothing, not to reprimand, blame the child. To give the child psychological comfort and guidance, behavioral and dietary adjustments, the most important thing is still to rely on safe, gentle, non-absorbable laxative drugs to maintain long-term treatment, waiting for the child’s gastrointestinal function gradually improved, and then slowly stop using drugs. Many parents repeatedly stop medication in the middle, constipation recurrence, which is not conducive to the continuity and effectiveness of constipation treatment. 6, the child is often constipated because of the severe pain and fear of stool, and therefore will deliberately suppress the urge to defecate, try to delay defecation, so constipation is gradually aggravated, resulting in a vicious circle. Therefore, it needs to be treated as early as possible. 7, long-term constipation leads to a variety of adverse consequences: affect the physical and mental development of the child, the daily fear of psychological stimulation caused by the immeasurable mental psychological pressure, this pressure in turn affects the function of the vegetative nervous system, and further harm the normal physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract; mental stress also affects the development of intellect; rectal anus mucous membrane by the dry and hard stools scratches, lacerations, resulting in localized chronic inflammation, which further affects the function; long-term constipation, the anus mucosa is dry and hard, causing chronic inflammation, further affecting their function; long-term constipation, will lead to the rectal tension is getting smaller and smaller, poorer and poorer sensibility, rectal volume is getting larger and larger, which also leads to more and more stool accumulation, more and more coarse, more and more difficult to excrete; constipation will affect the excretion of toxins, so the body toxins will be increased, especially heavy metals; long-term constipation will cause intestinal metabolic disorders; however, through effective treatment, you can prevent or greatly reduce this adverse effect, especially Is to prevent physical and mental harm to children. 8, adult constipation has a very large number of drugs, methods, but the research on pediatric constipation has been lagging behind, especially drug therapy. The reasons are manifold, one is that most parents do not want to take their children as experiments; secondly, children can not take the initiative to respond to the problem is not easy to cooperate with the research; thirdly, drug developers are not willing to spend a lot of effort to make a little money. 9, but in the past decade, the United States and other developed countries in children’s constipation to do a lot of clinical trials, so that people have a more scientific understanding of children’s constipation, in the treatment of a more scientific norms, overthrowing some of the empirical methods and traditional understanding. 1) Stimulant laxatives are generally used sparingly or not at all, such as senna, magnesium sulfate, phenolphthalein tablets, fruit guide tablets, rhubarb tablets, etc.; 2) Anal plugging preparations such as corkscrews as well as enemas can only be used temporarily to save the day in case of emergency, not as a regular use, and cannot be used continuously for a long period of time, as long-term use can cause dependence; 3) Behavioral interventions (e.g., encouraging, toilet-training, dietary regimen, and increasing exercise, etc.) are only effective in a small percentage of children, but for the majority of children, they are not effective. Effective, but for most of the children, can only play a role in helping, can not play a therapeutic role, must be in conjunction with drug therapy; 4) basic drug therapy, the current study that the safer drugs there are two, polyethylene glycol 4000 (polyethylene glycol) (Note: Domestic Shu Taiqing, divided into A, B package, the child can only eat the A packet; imported seems to have “Fosun”) and lactulose (lactulose) (Note: imported Du secret grams), they all belong to the osmotic laxative, that is, through the absorption properties of the drug itself, to increase the water content of the intestinal contents, to keep the stool moist. These two drugs are characterized by its own non-toxicity, and is basically not absorbed by the body, can not be decomposed, orally through the intestinal tract directly excluded from the body (lactulose in the intestinal tract can be intestinal probiotic bacteria decomposition and metabolism), the intestinal tract itself has no irritation, so it can be safe to take for a long time. Through a large number of clinical trials and follow-up studies, these two drugs have not been found to have any adverse effects on growth and development, nutrient absorption, toxicity test, blood index analysis and so on. However, at present, polyethylene glycol 4000 for children’s constipation has not been written into the instruction manual, but foreign clinics have been used in children. At present, Duphixol has been written into the instruction manual for children’s constipation, and pregnant women can also use it, so it should be safer. 5) Medication should be adhered to for a certain period of time until the child establishes normal bowel function. The time may be 3 months, 6 months, 1 year or several years. After a certain period of time, you can try to reduce the dosage and observe whether you can have normal bowel movements or not. If you are still constipated, you need to continue the medication. 6) Dosage of medication: everyone may not be the same, because these two drugs do not have a “ceiling effect”, that is, there is no dosage limit, so you can safely increase the dose of the drug can be adjusted according to the individual’s situation, the standard is to “keep the stool moist, smooth, no effort, no pain, but not too loose stools. The criteria are “to keep the stool moist and clear, with no effort or pain, and without the stool being too loose”. The medication can be given once a day or twice a day. 7) The medication can effectively prevent psychological problems and physical injuries caused by long-term constipation, and prevent a series of complications such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, anal fistula, perianal abscess, enteritis, vegetative nerve disorders, metabolic disorders, and disorders of toxin excretion. After effectively relieving constipation, bowel movement becomes a normal physiological need, even a pleasure to enjoy, rather than a mental and physical burden, in which case it can be better and faster for the affected children to establish a normal physiological defecation mechanism without realizing it. For our country, I have read some literature, combined with my own experience and understanding, summarized as follows: 1, our country is relatively backward in the research and understanding of constipation, especially pediatric constipation. 2.The adverse consequences caused by constipation are not sufficiently recognized. 3. The causes and mechanisms of constipation are complex and no one can explain them clearly at present.