There are many kinds of kidney tumors, which can be divided into benign tumors and malignant tumors, among which malignant tumors account for the majority. Therefore, if a kidney tumor is confused as benign or malignant, it is usually treated according to malignant tumors. The most common kidney malignant tumor is renal cell carcinoma, which is often referred to as kidney cancer, and there is another kind of kidney malignant tumor – uroepithelial carcinoma. Although both renal cell carcinoma and uroepithelial carcinoma are malignant tumors, they are two different types of malignant tumors. The structure of kidney is similar to the building we live in, with elevators, common corridors, rooms and walls. Renal cell carcinoma is equivalent to a problem in the wall and the problematic wall can be removed, while uroepithelial carcinoma occurs on the surface of the elevator, corridors and rooms, and the treatment is to remove all the pipes, and the scope of surgery is much larger than that of renal cell carcinoma. Therefore it is important to distinguish between renal cell carcinoma and uroepithelial carcinoma before developing a treatment plan.