OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of the onset of swollen hand syndrome in hemodialysis patients, interventional treatment methods and factors influencing the recurrence of swollen hand. Methods: 88 patients with swollen hands were divided into non-recurrence group and recurrence group according to whether the swollen hands recurred within the observation period after treatment. The location of the central venous lesion was clarified by means of subinterventional angiography and treated by balloon dilation or stent implantation. The relationship between the history of tube placement and central venous lesions in dialysis patients was examined to observe the treatment modality and recurrence after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 116 interventions were performed in 88 patients, 15 were treated because the guidewire could not be passed or other procedures were used, 3 had no central venous abnormalities, and the remaining 70 had their central veins opened immediately after balloon dilation or stent implantation; 50 patients had a history of ipsilateral internal jugular vein placement, swelling hand symptoms appeared 26.4±32.5 months from the time of endovascular surgery, and the location of central venous lesions Most of them were located in the subclavian and cephalic brachial veins. After the intervention, the swollen hand recurred 35 times in 23 patients during the observation period, and the recurrence was 6.9±4.9 months after the last treatment. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the choice of balloon dilation or stent implantation, the proportion of stent implantation was relatively higher in the relapse group. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients have central venous stenosis or occlusion due to central venous placement and hemodynamic changes after arteriovenous endovascular fistula, which cause swollen hand syndrome. After balloon or stent implantation treatment, swollen hand syndrome still has a high recurrence rate, and the recurrence rate may be higher in those treated with stent implantation.