Auditory neuroma surgery Auditory neuroma originates from the neurohypophyseal portion of the auditory nerve, mostly in the vestibular branch. The growth of auditory neuromas is initially confined to the internal auditory canal and later progresses toward the less resistant external pontocerebellar horn of the internal auditory canal. The surgery is performed under a microscope with general anesthesia using an endotracheal tube. During the surgery, the mastoid cortex is opened with an electric drill, the internal air spaces are removed, the bony wall of the internal auditory canal is thinned, the meninges of the posterior cranial fossa are cut, and the tumor is exposed, separated from the surrounding tissue, and aspirated using negative pressure. Because the nerve fibers are very thin, the surgical field of view of the auditory neuroma is narrow, and it is very easy to damage the nerve during surgery, causing facial paralysis. Surgery for otitis media Surgery is often performed when otitis media has progressed to the middle stage. The main surgical treatment for otitis media is tympanic membrane repair, which surgically connects the mastoid process, the tympanic sinus and the lesion within the tympanic chamber to the external ear canal to form an epithelial-covered cavity for the purpose of removing the diseased tissue from the mastoid process, the tympanic sinus, the tympanic chamber and the tympanic bulla, stopping the flow of pus, and obtaining a dry ear. The operation can cause local infection of the facial nerve, leading to facial paralysis. Meningioma surgery Meningiomas are intracranial tumors with a high incidence. Surgery requires craniotomy to remove the tumor and neurological decompression surgery to relieve the tumor’s compression on the nerve. The nerve decompression surgery is very easy to contact and damage the cranial nerve, causing central facial palsy Facial plastic surgery As modern people have higher and higher requirements for appearance, many people choose cosmetic plastic surgery to make their features more perfect, and the artificial materials used in common surgeries such as rhinoplasty may stimulate the facial nerve and cause facial palsy.