M4, acute granulocytic leukemia, can be treated with chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation, and the cure depends on the patient’s health and the outcome of the treatment.
1. Supportive therapy (1) Prevention of infection: Patients with acute leukemia are often associated with granulocytopenia, and after receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy there is often a persistent and severe deficiency, and the incidence of infection is high and severe. Emphasize the cleanliness of the ward environment, even stay in a sterile laminar flow ward, strengthen personal hygiene and basic care, and reduce visits. If infection already exists, relevant tests should be done to clarify the site and nature of infection, and combined broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment should be given immediately before the causative organism is identified. (2) Prevention and control of bleeding:If caused by low platelets, transfusion of platelet suspension should generally maintain platelet count >20×109/L. If bleeding is caused by DIC, it should be treated as DIC (see DIC treatment for details). (3) Treatment of anemia:If anemia is more severe, transfusion of red blood cell suspension is required to keep the patient’s hemoglobin>60g/L. (4) Prevention and treatment of uric acid nephropathy:Drink plenty of water, adequately hydrate; alkalinize urine, sodium bicarbonate tablets 100mg, 3 times a day; diuresis; allopurinol, 100mg each time, 3 times a day.
2. Chemotherapy: The treatment of leukemia is divided into two phases: induction of remission and post-remission treatment. The goal of induction remission therapy is to kill leukemic cells as soon as possible to achieve complete remission.