Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease of the hematopoietic stem cells, a tumor of the blood system. The main first symptoms of acute leukemia include fever, progressive anemia, significant bleeding tendency, or bone and joint pain.
The first step in screening for leukemia is routine blood tests. If there are abnormalities in the blood, such as the presence of naive cells, then further bone marrow testing is required. In addition, genetics, flow cytometry, and second-generation sequencing will be performed.
Leukemia is usually classified as low-risk, intermediate-risk, or high-risk, and the prognosis for high-risk patients is often poor, while the prognosis for low-risk patients is relatively good. Because of the complexity of leukemia typing and prognostic stratification, treatment plans need to be developed in conjunction with careful typing and prognostic stratification. Currently, several common types of treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Therefore, the general prognosis of leukemia can be greatly improved with reasonable comprehensive treatment, except for high-risk patients.