There are two main types of medications currently used in China to treat ADHD: central stimulants (methylphenidate hydrochloride, trade name Concentrate) and non-central stimulants (tomoxetine hydrochloride, trade name Zestat). Both of these medications target the cause directly, allowing the chemicals in the brain responsible for controlling behavior to return to normal levels, thus helping children to focus and reduce irritability and tantrums. The former is fast-acting, with a 10-12 hour duration of action; the latter has a 24-hour duration of action and takes about 2-4 weeks to work. Both drugs are clinically effective, safe, and can improve the social function and mood of children with ADHD, without affecting their growth and intellectual development, and are suitable for long-term use. Parents often ask, “Why are there drugs that are neurostimulants when ADHD is supposed to be more neurologically stimulating? Although children with ADHD are hyperactive, the cause is a decrease in chemicals in certain areas of the brain, reduced excitability of the “command” and reduced management and control, including reduced control over movement, attention, logical reasoning, completion of plans and other behaviors, resulting in abnormal performance in these areas. The purpose of taking excitatory drugs is to increase the excitability of the “command” of the brain, to ensure the effective control of behavior by the “command”, and to fundamentally reduce impulsive behavior and achieve the purpose of concentration. The current medical consensus is that ADHD should be treated with a combination of medications. Medication can increase attention span, improve writing and motor coordination, increase learning efficiency, improve emotional control, increase peer acceptance, improve interaction, increase self-esteem and self-confidence, reduce impulsivity and overexcitability, reduce hostility and defiance, and reduce punishment. Medication has shown positive efficacy in improving attention deficits, reducing activity levels and impulsivity, increasing academic performance, and improving interpersonal relationships in children with ADHD. The benefit of medication is the ability to control symptoms, allowing for counseling and educational training to be implemented. The vast majority of children with ADHD require medication. For the few children with mild symptoms and minimal functional impairment, doctors will be very cautious about the need for medication and will communicate and discuss with parents to develop the best individualized treatment plan for the child’s condition based on the child’s assessment.