In the past, it was thought that ADHD did not need to be treated and that most of the symptoms improved significantly or even disappeared when they grew up, so it was thought that ADHD was a childhood disorder, a self-limiting disorder that would naturally heal when they grew up. Current research has found that the prognosis for ADHD is not optimistic. Although the symptoms of hyperactivity may decrease or disappear when children with untreated ADHD grow up, their symptoms of inattention and impulsivity can persist and affect them throughout their lives. Some adults have poor academic performance and rarely receive a college education; have unstable careers, change jobs frequently or are fired; have more alcohol and drug dependence; have more frequent traffic accidents; have earlier sexual activity and more sexual partners; and have more than six times the incidence of various psychiatric disorders than the normal population. The prognosis of children with ADHD who receive effective medication is greatly improved and can reach or approach normal levels. Xiaoyan Lu, Department of Neurology, Beijing Children’s Hospital