Theoretical Treatment Mechanisms of Mesotherapy 1. Dr. Pistor’s Reflex Theory This theory suggests that mesotherapy breaks down the visceral-bone marrow-brain pathway at the level of the lateral bone marrow (where the vegetative nervous system connects to the brain-spinal cord system) through inhibitory stimuli elicited in the epidermis. These stimuli include: 1) Mechanical stimuli, generally produced by needling. 2) Physico-chemical stimulation, generally produced by specific drugs. This therapy produces a localized shock that is reflected in the sympathetic centers on both sides of the bony vertebrae. The tiny incisions produced by this therapy affect thousands of sensory nerve endings, causing a true “blockage” of the efferent nerve conduction process. 2, Bicheron (Bicheron) microcirculation theory The local use of drugs, will produce microcirculation due to the small incisions caused by local and/or global stimulation. This theory has been confirmed by studies of temperature profiles. Dr. Bicheron advocates that when treating the arteries of the limbs and the spine, multiple points of acupuncture should be applied on a localized scale using only a single needle in a consistent place. He believed that vasodilators should be used in the treatment, and the appearance of redness on the patient’s face was considered a good sign in the treatment. 3. Mesoderm theory and Dajos? Dalloz-Bourguignon’s “three units” theory According to this theory, connective tissue is restored as a positive factor, which consists of: 1) a microcirculatory unit: composed of tiny capillaries and veins, which ensure blood exchange in the smallest possible extent, and 2) a connective tissue cell or fibroblast, which is a cell of the connective tissue, and 3) a connective tissue cell or fibroblast. transport of secretions from connective tissue cells or fibroblasts. 2) A vegetative nervous unit: it depends on the components in the sympathetic system that regulate all exchange activity in the nervous system. 3) An immune function unit (including plasma cells and mast cells): it reacts to even small invasions of external objects that cross the skin and acts as a defense. A nutritional unit that has enriched the theory of the “three units” from the day it was established. Recognizing these “three units” is very useful in understanding what a doctor should do when applying mesotherapy and how this process reacts in the human body. In practice, the technique can be summarized as a combination of shallow, quick, and light needling, with a very specific number of needles, and the injection of very small amounts of medication (drop by drop) under the skin corresponding to the injured organ or the same functional organ unit and/or spinal region, which is imaginatively called the “tablecloth technique” or “friction technique. This technique has been imaginatively called the “tablecloth technique” or the “friction technique”. 4, Ballesteros (Ballesteros) energy mesotherapy theory Ballesteros believes that all with the help of mesotherapy equipment for the implementation of drug injection is a kind of energy information. In other words, he believed that iodine-treated drugs and charged substances, once injected into the body, altered the energy balance of the human body. 5, Mrejen’s (Mrejen) theory of systemic acupuncture mesotherapy Mrejen proposed a neuro-physiological basis for the skin pain area, as well as due to spinal pain and visceral pain reflected in the skin chart. According to Mrechen, both types of pain can manifest in a palpable, painful and replicable area of the skin. Thus, according to his theory, mesotherapy is a purely localized therapy that implements a limited number of needles (3 to 6). These points at which acupuncture is administered can be identified through epiphenomenal perception and neurologic examination. Tip: With the widespread use of acupuncture around the world, and the results of neuroscientific studies confirming the scientific significance of some of the mechanisms of acupuncture’s efficacy, the concept of Western Acupuncture has evolved. Western Acupuncture is an adaptation of the basic theories of Western medicine, such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, and the evidence-based medical body of knowledge, in the face of the spread of Chinese acupuncture in the West. Based on the trigger point theory, the efficacy of Western acupuncture in the treatment of myofascial pain is very obvious and has received widespread attention. However, during the introduction of TCM acupuncture to the West, the theories of TCM acupuncture, such as meridians and point specificity, have been questioned due to the results of Western clinical studies.