Chronic sinusitis is a common disease in otolaryngology, and some patients need to undergo surgery when conservative treatment is ineffective. In fact, the goal of surgery is to create conditions for benign inflammatory regression, and comprehensive treatment during the perioperative period is as important as the surgery itself, which is the key factor to cure the disease. The perioperative period is a period of time centered on surgical treatment, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. Nowadays, the main surgical procedure for chronic sinusitis is Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). The perioperative period includes the pre-operative period (preoperative preparation): 10-15 days; the mid-operative period (inpatient treatment): 8-10 days; and the post-operative period (postoperative follow-up): 3-6 months. The pre-surgical period includes anti-infective treatment, with conventional doses of oral antibiotics suitable for all patients, and anti-allergic treatment, such as topical application of nasal spray hormones such as Burkholderia and Co-cortisone, and oral prednisone suitable for patients with allergic factors. The above drug treatments can reduce mucosal edema in the nasal cavity and sinuses, reduce intraoperative bleeding, speed up postoperative recovery, and improve the effect of surgical treatment. In the mid-surgical period, i.e., the inpatient treatment period, a comprehensive examination, including CT, blood tests, cardiovascular and important organ function examinations, is needed first to fully assess the status of each patient’s system and to make adequate preparation to reduce the risk of anesthesia and surgery. The surgical procedure is determined based on the patient’s medical history, physical signs and auxiliary examination results, while the patient is given as detailed and layman’s explanation of the condition, the purpose and mode of surgery and possible abnormalities and consequences as possible, so that the patient is psychologically prepared. Post-operative management during hospitalization includes 24-hour extraction of nasal stuffing, shrinkage of nasal mucosa, suctioning, removal of blood crusts, flushing of the operative cavity and drug lavage. The late surgical period is usually a part of the procedure that patients tend to neglect, and insufficient attention is an important factor in disease recurrence. It can be roughly divided into three phases, with the first phase being the surgical cavity cleansing phase, which lasts about 10-14 days. Before most patients are discharged from the hospital, the nasal cavity, frontal crypt and maxillary sinus are basically clean, and there can be a small amount of blood accumulation in the sinus cavity, but there will still be more secretions in the process of mucosal recovery in the surgical area. Post-surgical epithelial morphological changes and mucus cilia removal function decreases, the lysis layer decreases, the cilia oscillation ability decreases, and the crusts and blood clots formed by the secretions obstruct the cilia movement and affect the mucosal recovery. The secretions and scabs need to be removed promptly to keep the operative cavity clean. The second stage is the competitive stage of mucosal regression, which takes about 3-6 months. At this stage, the mucosa of the operative cavity may form vesicles and granules, which hinder the normal epithelialization process of the mucosa and can cause local adhesions and obstruct sinus cavity drainage, resulting in disease recurrence. Regular inspection is required to clear the vesicles and granules, separate the adhesions, dilate the middle nasal passage and each sinus opening in time. The third stage is the completion of epithelialization. If the first two stages can be followed up on time and problems can be dealt with in a timely manner, the mucosa of the operative cavity can be completely epithelialized and disease recurrence can be minimized. In conclusion, the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis during the operative period is an important factor in whether the surgical treatment can achieve good results. We hope that the majority of patients can pay full attention to the importance of perioperative treatment, actively cooperate with the treatment plan formulated by the doctor, cure the disease as soon as possible and enjoy a good life.