Chronic sinusitis is a common and prevalent disease, and its preferred treatment options are constantly changing with the development of medical technology and in-depth research. Currently, the main treatment options are medication and surgery, but whether medication or surgery is preferred is still confusing for the majority of patients. Many patients believe that surgery is the most effective way, or even the only way, to cure chronic rhinosinusitis. Therefore, many patients who are diagnosed with sinusitis want to be treated surgically as soon as possible. Unbeknownst to them, such a perception is one-sided and incorrect. The Chinese National Rhinology Group’s Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Chronic Sinusitis (CPOS-2012) recommends the following indications for the surgical treatment of chronic sinusitis: 1) significant anatomical abnormalities affecting the sinonasal complex or the drainage of the sinuses; 2) polyps affecting the sinonasal complex or the drainage of the sinuses; 3) unsatisfactory improvement of symptoms with medication; 4) intraorbital and intracranial complications . According to the guideline, drug therapy should be preferred for those patients without anatomical abnormalities or nasal polyps, and the recommended treatment period is 12 weeks. Surgery should be considered only after maximal pharmacological treatment with poor outcome. Another factor that causes many patients to want to prefer surgical treatment is the health care policy. Our current medical policy is to pay for outpatient care, while inpatient surgery is reimbursed by health insurance. Therefore, for chronic sinusitis that requires treatment, many patients do not want to pay for outpatient outpatient treatment, but prefer inpatient surgery. In his monograph “Diagnosis and Treatment of Sinus Diseases”, Professor Kennedy, a leading foreign rhinologist, discusses: “Although surgery plays a very important role in the treatment of chronic sinusitis, it should be considered as an adjunct to the medical treatment of chronic sinusitis. If recurrence is to be avoided, surgery should be followed by continued medical treatment”. Obviously, chronic sinusitis is not cured by surgery, and medication is used throughout the treatment. Firstly, surgery is only an option for those who have not been treated with adequate medication; secondly, even after surgical treatment, postoperative medication is still needed, such as anti-mucosal inflammation, promotion of mucosal epithelial cilia regeneration and secretion thinning. It is evident that medication is necessary, even long-term, for chronic sinusitis. Transnasal endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery improves the patency and drainage of the sinus orifice nasal tract complex and maintains the drainage of all groups of sinuses, but the surgery does not eliminate the cause of sinusitis. When the sinuses are open, airflow can enter the sinuses directly, so that the open sinuses are more conducive to the arrival of nasal spray hormones and nasal lavatory solutions. As a result, the sinus opening maximizes the therapeutic effect of the medication, thus maintaining the efficacy of sinusitis and preventing its recurrence. Even if sinusitis surgery is done in a standardized manner or to a small extent, it is, after all, surgery and will inevitably change the original morphology and anatomy of the nasal cavity and sinuses and their microenvironment. Therefore, most rhinologists currently believe that chronic sinusitis with mild symptoms, whether or not combined with nasal polyps, can be treated mainly with medication. For moderate to severe chronic sinusitis, surgical treatment is recommended.