The main causes of enuresis include developmental delays and neuropathy. Enuresis is commonly referred to as “bedwetting” and usually refers to the involuntary urination of a child while sleeping. In a small number of cases, the symptoms may persist into adulthood. There are two types of enuresis: primary enuresis and secondary enuresis. Primary enuresis is defined as enuresis without obvious neurological or urinary system pathology. Primary enuresis is mainly caused by several etiologies, including delayed cortical development and deeper sleep. Secondary enuresis is mainly due to congenital spina bifida, and neurogenic bladder. In addition to nocturnal enuresis, secondary enuresis may be accompanied by daytime urinary symptoms associated with difficulty urinating and frequent urination. Most enuresis is accompanied by a genetic predisposition, and the patient’s parents and brothers tend to have the same enuresis. Treatment of enuresis begins with clarifying whether the enuresis is primary or secondary, and depending on the cause, choosing the appropriate treatment. Most children with primary enuresis will heal on their own by adulthood, and behavioral therapy and medication are equally effective in treatment. In summary, the main causes of enuresis include developmental delays and neurological lesions. Primary enuresis often resolves spontaneously but should still be treated with active behavioral therapy.