If the laboratory test indicates urine leukocytes (++++), that is, a higher number of leukocytes in the urine, you first need to consider whether the urine specimen was contaminated when you received it or sent it for examination, and you can improve the routine urine examination again to clarify the diagnosis. If the examination repeatedly indicates the presence of a large number of white blood cells, it often indicates a urinary tract infection, mostly seen in diseases of the organs and tissues adjacent to the genitourinary system, such as pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, bladder stones, etc. 1, pyelonephritis: is the renal parenchyma and pelvic calyx system due to bacterial infection due to purulent inflammation, with E. coli infection is more common. Prevalent in women of childbearing age, patients may have (++++) or higher white blood cells on urinalysis. In addition to abnormal laboratory values, patients may have fever, chills, loss of appetite, back pain, and symptoms of urinary tract irritation, i.e., frequent, urgent, and painful urination. If pyelonephritis is identified, prompt treatment is needed. Those with high fever should rest in bed, drink more water, and give systemic treatment. Antibiotic therapy is the main treatment, commonly used drugs are quinolones, penicillins, cephalosporins. The acute phase needs to be given intravenous infusion, and after the symptoms are relieved and the body temperature is normal, the treatment can be changed to oral antibiotics for maintenance; 2. Cystitis: E. coli infection can also cause cystitis, and the lab sheet can indicate urine leukocytes (++++). Inflammation of the acute infection period patients bladder, urethra mucosa congestion, can appear urinary frequency, urinary urgency, painful urination, in serious cases can appear hematuria, pus urine, can also be accompanied by high fever, lumbar acidity, lower abdominal discomfort and other symptoms. If cystitis is diagnosed, patients need to drink more water and take oral sodium bicarbonate to alkalize the urine and reduce urinary tract irritation. Hot compresses and hot water sitz baths in the bladder area can be used to help relieve bladder spasm. Drugs commonly used clinically to treat cystitis include cephalosporins and quinolones; 3. Urethritis: refers to inflammation of the urethra due to bacterial infection, which can be secondary to bacterial infection of the upper and lower urinary tract. The laboratory test may show urine leukocytes (++++). Patients may also have symptoms of urinary tract irritation and may also have difficulty urinating and inflammatory discharge from the urethra. Patients need to avoid sexual intercourse, ensure rest, increase nutrition, drink more water, and alkalize the urine. If it is secondary to pyelonephritis or cystitis, treat the cause. Clinically, sulfonamides, macrolides and metronidazole are more effective for the treatment of urethritis; 4. Bladder stones: If stones from the kidney or ureter enter the bladder, or if poor eating habits are accompanied by urethral strictures, bladder diverticula and other disease factors, bladder stones can be caused, and red blood cells can be seen in urinalysis, and white blood cells (+++) can be seen in concurrent infections. Generally, by drinking a lot of water, small stones can be discharged by themselves with urine. When the stones are large and cannot be discharged by themselves, they can be treated by transurethral lithotomy or shock wave lithotripsy, while paying attention to eating less food with high oxalic acid content. In addition, if urine leukocytes (++) is accompanied by other abnormal symptoms, you should also be alert to urethral tuberculosis, renal abscess, renal tuberculosis, kidney stones, interstitial nephritis, renal tumors and other abnormal diseases, but the urine leukocyte index alone cannot determine the specific disease, if you want to make a clear diagnosis, you need to combine other test results and patient symptoms and signs to determine, so as to take targeted measures to deal with.