”Doctor, we’re here for a biopsy” or “Doctor, we’re here for a puncture”. This is what patients say as soon as they enter the clinic. We often encounter such patients in our clinic. The reason for this is that they are all suffering from azoospermia. Currently, male infertility accounts for 10-15% of married couples of childbearing age. Among them, azoospermia is one of the important factors. As the old saying goes, “How can a seed germinate if there is no seed?” In fact, not every azoospermia patient needs a testicular puncture or biopsy. These azoospermia patients can be generally divided into two categories: one is obstructive azoospermia and the other is non-obstructive azoospermia. The former can be diagnosed definitively by perfecting semen, seminal plasma biochemical and endocrine tests. In the latter case, testicular aspiration or biopsy is usually required when the diagnosis is not clear after completing the examination. The purpose of this is to clarify whether and to what extent the testicular tissue has the function of producing sperm? It’s like when farmers used to pay for their grain, the staff at the grain buying station used a long puncture device to stick into a packet of wheat to take a sample and check what grade the wheat was, and then set the price. But the puncture needle we use for biopsy or puncture surgery is very thin, only 2mm in diameter, and is done under anesthesia, so the patient does not feel pain. If there is mature sperm in the tissue after the test, it is possible to obtain one’s own blood offspring through the new technique. However, testicular puncture or biopsy techniques are invasive and should not be done lightly. If you really need to do it, please go to a reproductive male clinic in a regular hospital for safer and more reliable results, and it will not affect the subsequent treatment.