With the rapid development of social economy, people’s material living standard has been greatly improved, and people’s health is also on the higher agenda. In recent years, the emergence and ravages of mutated pathogens have caused concern and panic among all human beings; at present, human anti-viral drugs are still very limited, especially for RNA viruses there are no effective drugs yet. For these viruses, the most effective way is to fully understand these viruses and to vaccinate with attenuated or inactivated vaccines so that the body can develop active immunity to avoid infection. ”The World Immunization Day was established and implemented by the 41st WHO General Assembly in 1988. It was established primarily for the eradication of poliomyelitis. Polio (also known as polio) is one of the few diseases that can be eradicated. To achieve the goal of polio eradication, the WHO recommends four major polio eradication strategies, including routine immunization, mass campaigns, surveillance, and sweeping vaccination, especially in the form of mass campaigns for booster immunization – National National Immunization Days. National immunization days are measures taken to supplement and complete routine immunization. The goal is to interrupt endemic polio as quickly as possible by immunizing every child in the high-risk age group 0-4 years. It usually consists of two rounds of national immunization days a year (one month apart), lasting for a period of at least three years, to achieve the goal of capturing children who are unimmunized or only partially protected by immunization and increasing the immunization level of children who are already immunized. In this way, every child in the most sensitive age group is protected at the same time, which also immediately deprives the virus of survival. Intensive immunization is a reinforcement of routine immunization, which together with planned immunization (planned vaccination of newborns) constitutes the planned immunization system. Further measures are needed when routine immunization coverage increases and the circulation of wild viruses is limited but does not stop together soon, such as when the goal set is eradication rather than control. Intensive immunization is an important measure to eradicate polio, i.e., one dose of polio vaccine is administered to all children under 4 years of age nationwide on each of December 5 and January 5 each year. The top leaders of the Party and the State participated in the activities of the Intensive Immunization Day, feeding polio vaccine to children and making inscriptions, fully reflecting the government’s support and determination to achieve the committed goals. Poliovirus is an enterotoxic genus of micro RNA virus, 20nm in diameter, without lipid capsule membrane, resistant to ether, chloroform and ethanol. However, it can be rapidly inactivated by ionizing radiation, formaldehyde, oxidizing agents, and phenol. Poliovirus has three serotypes, type I, II and III, with no cross-immunity between the types. Most of the paralytic-type disease is caused by type I, but the prevalent strains vary from time to time and from region to region. After infection, the virus replicates in the reticuloendothelial tissue and invades gray matter cells in the spinal cord and brainstem, etc. It can directly destroy the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of its infected cells, causing their degeneration and necrosis, resulting in unilateral or bilateral limb paralysis. With aggressive treatment, mild cases can recover in 1 to 3 months, while severe cases will improve with aggressive treatment, but will remain with physical disability. Poliovirus survives in the environment only for a very short period of time, and people are the only ones infected with poliovirus. There is already an effective vaccine, immunization lasts for life, and there are no chronic virus carriers, no animal or insect hosts, etc. Once the virus leaves the human host such as through immunization it will die quickly. Immunization is the purpose of preventing and controlling some easy-to-infecte diseases by vaccinating the body with vaccine antigens to produce the corresponding antibodies to prevent such diseases. With the approach of “World Strengthened immunity Day” on December 15, and with my 15 years of clinical experience in pediatric neurology, I have learned from the great achievements in polio prevention in China, and also realized the existing problems. Some of the problems. Oral live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV), the main tool for global polio eradication, is still widely used in China and some other developing countries, and OPV is relatively inexpensive and effective, but at the same time, various problems caused by the virological properties of OPV itself are becoming increasingly prominent. There are two main types of OPV. In northern India and some countries in Africa, there are frequent epidemics and spreads of Vaccine-derived Polioviruses (VDPV); this is due to the enhanced viability and neurotropic virulence caused by the mutation of live attenuated vaccine itself. Vaccine Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a relatively common serious abnormal reaction to live attenuated vaccine in children with immunodeficiency, often occurring in children with congenital intestinal immunodeficiency, who develop recurrent intestinal infections, perianal abscesses, and anal fistulas shortly after birth. ~The result is irreversible loss of function of the lower motor neurons due to necrosis of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, which is still unsatisfactory after active nerve nutrition, limb rehabilitation, acupuncture and other rehabilitation measures; most of them are left with single limb disability. According to the relevant figures, the incidence rate is about 1/2 million, and there are about dozens of cases in China every year. With the introduction of relevant regulations in China, identification and compensation work has been carried out in many provinces and cities in China. As pediatric neurologists, what we can do is, on the one hand, to work for the development of new and effective treatments, such as neurorehabilitation and stem cell transplantation, and on the other hand, to assist our prevention department in identifying and improving several problems that currently exist. In our work, we often come into contact with several children of mobile populations (migrant workers, etc.) who have never received any vaccination, whose parents are ignorant of the need for vaccination, leading to non-response to vaccination notices or avoidance of vaccination; some unplanned births in rural areas, who do not have smooth access to the national immunization program, leading to becoming susceptible to many infectious diseases. The elimination of poliomyelitis disease is not only a matter for the medical and epidemic prevention departments, but also a common goal that can be achieved only with the leadership and direct participation of the government and the general mobilization of the whole population. The state should increase the publicity of planned immunization, popularize the relevant knowledge, give full play to the organization and coordination and supervision functions of the government and relevant departments, and guarantee the solid development of the quality of intensive immunization in order to gradually eliminate the remnants of this phenomenon. Even if it is popularized to the extent that vaccination personnel pay attention to whether there are signs of perianal disease before infants take sugar pills orally, there are still some other infants with congenital immunodeficiency who may be at risk of vaccination morbidity; in developed countries, IPV, or IPV combined with low potency OPV forms are mostly used so as to reduce VAPP, VDPV In developed countries, IPV, or IPV combined with low potency OPV is often used to reduce the emergence of VAPP and VDPV complications. It is believed that with the enhancement of our comprehensive national strength and spontaneous development of IVP, immunization procedures will be greatly simplified, vaccine-related side effects will become less and less frequent, the compliance of vaccinators will be enhanced, and people’s health will be more secure. I remember that during my childhood in the countryside, almost all villages had the presence of young adults with polio lameness, and their special living conditions made me feel a different kind of hardship. As time flies, during the past ten years, I have seen more than ten cases of children with VAPP from many provinces in China, who, despite active rehabilitation, still have more or less physical disability sequelae, some of which have now been identified and compensated. On the occasion of another “Intensive Immunization Day”, the anxious and helpless eyes of the young parents of VAPP children crying with one leg in the ward come to mind. We hope that with the development of medicine, there will be a breakthrough in the repair of anterior horn cell injury, so that they can recover smoothly and welcome a bright and colorful life.