Poliovirus can be transmitted through water and food. Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by poliovirus, which is a serious health hazard for children. Poliovirus is a neurotropic virus that mainly attacks motor nerve cells in the central nervous system, with damage to motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord being the main cause. The main symptoms are fever, general malaise, and in severe cases, pain in the limbs, and irregularly distributed and mildly severe delayed paralysis, also known as poliomyelitis. The clinical manifestations of poliomyelitis are varied and include very mild and nonspecific lesions in degree, as well as aseptic meningitis and flaccid weakness of various muscle groups. Patients with poliomyelitis experience atrophy of the muscles associated with the anterior horn of the spinal cord due to damage to the motor neurons and loss of neural regulation, as well as atrophy of the subcutaneous fat, tendons and bones, resulting in thinning of the entire limb.