Causes of congenital cataracts
Most affected children are the result of impaired crystal development during embryonic development. There is a certain degree of heredity. Some patients can also have a high chance of developing cataracts in the fetus when the virus enters the fetus through the placenta when the mother has rubella within six months of pregnancy. The earlier the rubella infection, the higher the incidence of cataracts. Therefore, if the mother has rubella while pregnant, it is best to terminate the pregnancy in order not to give birth to a disabled child.
Congenital cataracts are subdivided into several types: They can be divided into six types.
1, total cataract.
2. membranous cataracts.
3. circumscribed nuclear cataract.
4, punctate cataract.
5. polar cataracts and cystic cataracts.
6, coronal cataract.
The pathogenesis of senile cataracts is not clear. The general age of onset is above 40 years old, and the crystal itself is gradually degenerative and cloudy, usually in both eyes. However, the time of onset and the degree of clouding can be different and sequential in both eyes. What is concurrent cataract
In a broad sense, cataracts caused by either systemic or localized lesions of the eye fall under the scope of concurrent cataracts. The causes of concurrent cataracts are quite complex.
In diabetic patients, the prolonged increase in blood glucose causes metabolic disorders in the body, resulting in a series of complications throughout the body, of which cataract is one.
What is traumatic cataract? Cataracts can be caused by blunt and perforated eye injuries (including intraocular foreign bodies), prolonged exposure to radiation (X-rays, radium or other radioactive elements and isotopes); injuries after suffering electric shocks, etc.
How can cataracts be prevented?
Some cataracts occur for unknown reasons, and some are quite clear. It is generally believed that the formation of cataract is related to the disorder of crystal nutrient metabolism. People who are over 40 years old should diversify their daily diet and not be overly monotonous. Eating less sugary food and more vegetables and fruits is beneficial to the prevention of cataracts.
How to treat cataracts?
Cataract treatment is divided into non-surgical and surgical methods. Non-surgical treatment: Eye drops such as cataract and cataract stop can be given in the initial stage of cataract to control the development.
Surgical treatment.
Cataract vision below 0.3 is feasible for surgical treatment as long as the fundus is in good condition and the symptoms of systemic disease are not obvious.
How many types of surgery are there?
At present, we mostly adopt two surgical methods: one is cataract extracapsular extraction, after which a pair of glasses is worn; the other is the most advanced international surgical method: cataract extracapsular extraction + IOL implantation; the previous normal vision can be restored immediately after surgery.
At present, our hospital has introduced the most advanced equipment and instruments in the world and has first-class ophthalmologists in China. The cataract surgery incision is small and the surgery can be completed in 2 to 5 minutes by performing ultrasound emulsification. The hospital has implanted IOLs for more than 8,000 cataract patients, enabling them to see again, and more than 90% of the patients’ post-operative vision has reached 1.0 or above.
Can senior citizens with cataracts have surgery?
Cataract surgery is not age specific. As long as the patient is in good physical condition, surgery can be performed on an elderly person over 90 years old. After the surgery, they can see the light again and feel better, which can prolong their life.
What are the medications for early cataract treatment?
There are several types of drugs for cataract treatment.
①Adjunctive nutritional drugs such as lissamine, Colin-rosol, etc.
(2) Drugs related to quinone doctrine such as Cataract, Fagrin, Leuconin, and Cure for cataracts, etc.
③Antioxidant damage drugs such as glutathione, thiara, SOD, etc.
④Other classes such as parotonin, cenotaph, optomelanin, etc.
Traditional Chinese medicine has been effective in improving the vision of some patients. Commonly used acupuncture points include ophthalmoplegia, hind of the ball, zanzhu, fish waist, hegu, foot sanli, and san yin jiao. For early stage cataract, those with liver and kidney deficiency are given the method of tonifying liver and kidney.
What are the methods of cataract surgery?
With the development of microsurgery, modern cataract extracapsular extraction, IOL implantation, lens ultrasonic emulsion extraction, etc. have emerged.
Traditional cataract extraction is to remove the lens, including the capsule membrane, without preserving the posterior capsule of the lens.
Modern cataract extracapsular extraction is characterized by an anterior chamber closed aspiration and perfusion method under the surgical microscope. Since the intact posterior lens capsule is preserved, it shows a number of superiorities compared to intracapsular extraction, such as a reduced chance of vitreous loss, resulting in fewer complications such as retinal fissures and retinal detachment.
Lens extraction by ultrasound is a modified form of extracapsular cataract extraction and is best suited for younger patients with soft lens nuclei, especially those under 40 or 50 years of age, without corneal endothelial lesions, with normal anterior chamber depth, pupils capable of dilating to 7 mm or more, and with less than moderate nuclear hardness. Absolute contraindications to this procedure are lens subluxation, and those who have already lost their corneal endothelium. The relative contraindications, on the other hand, depend mainly on the experience and technique of the operator, such as corneal endothelial degeneration, shallow anterior chamber, small pupil, and sclerosis of the lens nucleus.
Cataract needle aspiration is indicated for congenital or traumatic non-sclerotic cataracts under 30 years of age.