Atherosclerosis is a disease of the blood vessels throughout the body, and carotid ultrasound is a window into atherosclerosis. In recent years, as people pay more attention to their health, more and more patients and health checkups have been screened with carotid ultrasound. After carotid ultrasound screening reveals carotid plaque and carotid artery stenosis, many people worry about this problem and worry about it with excessive anxiety. If the physical examination report shows carotid intima-media thickening or carotid plaque formation, it is indicative of systemic atherosclerosis formation. The presence of carotid plaque significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease such as lower extremity atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that for every 0.1 mm increase in carotid intima-media thickness, the risk of myocardial infarction increases by 10-15% and the risk of stroke increases by 13-18%. In particular, soft plaques that are hypoechoic on ultrasound, i.e., unstable plaques, are more likely to detach and lead to stroke. In fact, the majority of smaller carotid plaques are unlikely to dislodge. Only the more severe plaques (especially soft plaques) are at risk of rupture, secondary thrombosis, and thrombus dislodgement leading to stroke. Theoretically, with strict long-term control of risk factors and follow-up ultrasound monitoring, it is possible to reduce the size of plaques in some patients (also called “reversal”). However, this is a long-term process. In actual treatment, as long as the plaque is stable and does not progress with age, it is enough. 1. Active control of risk factors: for example, patients with hypertension should control their blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg, and it is recommended to use long-acting antihypertensive drugs, preferably oral antihypertensive drugs once a day, especially not short-acting nifedipine (cardiac pain) for long-term antihypertensive; patients with diabetes should control their blood sugar in normal range; use lipid-lowering drugs according to individual conditions to lower blood lipids to the ideal level, etc. 2. Change unhealthy lifestyle: diet to ensure 400 grams of vegetables and fruits per day, eat more cereals and legumes, reduce the intake of fatty foods such as eggs and fatty meat as much as possible, the amount of salt per day should be less than 5 grams, especially for hypertensive patients currently advocate the amount of salt per day should be less than 2 or 3 grams. 3, quit smoking and control alcohol consumption: the average daily alcohol consumption of men should not exceed 20-30 grams of alcohol, and women should not exceed 10-15 grams. 4. Reduce or control weight by reducing diet: calories and increasing physical activity. Adhere to at least 30 minutes of physical exercise every day such as walking, jogging, tai chi, stairs, cycling, etc.; in addition, it is important to maintain a good state of mind, to maintain a positive, optimistic, open and relaxed mood, treat themselves and others correctly, and be content with what they have. 5, medication: antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin, can be chosen to prevent cardiovascular disease. Also use drugs to control and slow down the progression of carotid plaque, such as statin lipid-lowering drugs, and Prozac, etc. 6.If stenosis is found: choose further more aggressive treatment methods, such as carotid endarterectomy or stenting treatment if severe carotid stenosis is found. But those with severe vascular stenosis are, after all, a very small minority. More often, atherosclerotic plaques are found, when it may be more important to intervene in those with unhealthy lifestyles and treat the corresponding risk factors for the disease. Patients who are found to have carotid plaque and stenosis should have regular review of carotid ultrasound and regular checkups can observe the size and nature of the plaque and adjust medications to control the progression of the disease.