Laryngeal cancer is now increasingly detected at an early stage, thanks to the popularity of laryngoscopy and improved hygiene. Early symptoms are hoarseness, which lasts for several months without improvement, and a long history of smoking. The treatment for the earliest stage of laryngeal cancer includes laser, radiotherapy and surgery, all of which are very effective and reach 90% cure rate. For stage II or above laryngeal cancer, only surgery can cure it. According to the location and scope of the tumor, partial laryngectomy, subtotal laryngectomy and total laryngectomy can be chosen. At present, the phenomenon of over-promotion of partial larynx in China has led to the increase of recurrence rate of laryngeal cancer, which is the opposite of what is said. In remote mountainous area patients, total larynx is still a reliable surgery with very low recurrence rate after surgery. Postoperative recurrence of laryngeal cancer requires an extended total laryngectomy, which still has a good outcome, but the extent of resection must be large. However, the extent of resection must be large enough, and resection without safe boundary will lead to second recurrence. If the extent of involvement of esophagus and hypopharynx is larger, then skin flap or free jejunum reconstruction must be performed, and the postoperative efficacy can still be achieved. Hypopharyngeal cancer is different from laryngeal cancer in that the lesion is partially multifocal and the final decision on the extent of surgery can only be made intraoperatively. A good preparation of the flap is required.