In China, the proportion of hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma in systemic tumors is low, and according to the statistics from 1988 to 1992, the incidence rate was 0.4/100,000 in Beijing and 0.2/100,000 in Shanghai. This shows that the incidence rate of hypopharyngeal cancer in China is not high. The 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma is only about 30-50%, mainly because the early symptoms of hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma are not obvious and the diagnosis is not easy, and most of the cases are in the middle and late stages when found. The aim of treatment is not only to improve the survival rate of patients, but also to preserve the laryngeal function as much as possible to improve the quality of life. Single treatment is only applicable in early stage cases, while most of the intermediate and late stage cases require comprehensive treatment to achieve the best therapeutic effect. Hypopharyngeal cancer is characterized by infiltrative growth and lymph node metastasis at the early stage of localization, which often invades the surrounding tissues and organs and is not easily controlled by local treatment. Therefore, in order to better improve the survival rate and quality of patients, it is necessary to further explore the therapeutic effects of different treatment options in hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma, so that the treatment of hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma can be standardized to achieve the purpose of eradicating the tumor. Most of the patients with hypopharyngeal cancer have already reached stage III or IV when they were diagnosed, accounting for about 92.2% of the cases in this group, and the five-year survival rate is often less than 30% according to the latest literature. It is always the goal to choose the treatment plan that can cure the tumor and improve the survival quality of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma. The single treatment option of radiotherapy alone or surgery alone is only applicable to early stage cases, such as stage I, while most of the patients in the progressive stage have poor survival results with the single treatment option, and the combination of R+S and S+R has become the classical treatment option to improve the survival rate of hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma. The 5-year survival rate of our group was 46.30% with the combined treatment of R+S, which was significantly higher than that of the surgery-only group, which was consistent with previous reports. 49.15% of the S+R group had a higher survival rate than that of surgery alone, but the number of cases was relatively small and the statistical difference was close to significant. The 5-year survival rate of radiotherapy alone was only 18.04%, and it can be said that the difference between combined treatment and radiotherapy alone was more obvious. Therefore, when formulating the treatment plan for hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma, the first choice should be the combination of R+S and S+R, so that patients can achieve the best survival rate, but in order to improve the survival rate while preserving laryngeal function and improving the quality of survival, the combination of R+S should be chosen, and the laryngeal function preservation rate of R+S treatment is 39.6%, while S+R is lower. The preservation of laryngeal function is a very challenging problem in advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. In the early stage, it was thought that those with limited mobility or fixation of the vocal folds and arytenoid cartilage could not undergo surgery to preserve laryngeal function such as pyriform fossa resection or partial larynx, but now it is thought that after 40-50 Gy of preoperative radiotherapy the tumor scope is reduced and the scope of surgery can be reduced accordingly without affecting the survival rate. It can be seen that the comprehensive treatment plan of R+S not only improves the survival rate, but also increases the rate of laryngeal function preservation and improves the quality of survival of patients. The aim of treatment by various methods is to improve the survival time of patients with squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx and to improve their quality of survival. The root of this is that it can help to improve the control rate of tumor and achieve therapeutic effect. In this group, the causes of death were analyzed through retrospective follow-up of death cases: 16.8% died of local recurrence, 10.8% died of regional lymph node metastasis, 8.0% died of both local recurrence and regional lymph node metastasis, 6.8% died of distant metastasis, and 13.4% died of other causes. This shows that 35.6% of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma died from uncontrolled local and regional lymph node metastases, even with the combined R+S treatment, 24.2% of patients died from this cause. However, in terms of local causes of death, the surgical group was significantly lower than the radiotherapy alone group, and it can be argued that surgery plays a key role in local control. Among the non-tumor causes of death there are also many patients with complications of tumor treatment such as hemorrhage of the common carotid artery and malnutrition due to pharyngeal fistula. Therefore, enhancing local and regional lymph node control is the key to improving survival rates, and enhancing treatment measures for treatment complications is also an effective way to increase survival rates and improve quality of life. In addition to the above treatment options for hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma, new treatment options such as synchronous radiotherapy + surgery if necessary, induction chemotherapy + radiotherapy or surgery, planned preoperative synchronous radiotherapy + surgery, etc. have been reported. The purpose of synchronous radiotherapy is to control the tumor to a greater extent and preserve the organ function. The initial results are good but the follow-up time is short and the 5-year survival rate has not been reported. The treatment effect of induction chemotherapy + radiotherapy or surgery in head and neck squamous carcinoma can improve the laryngeal preservation rate, but the 5-year survival rate is not significantly improved. In conclusion, the current choice of treatment modality for hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma is firstly R+S or S+R combination therapy, and R+S is chosen as much as possible when it is possible to preserve laryngeal function, in order to improve survival rate and preserve laryngeal function. The combination of planned preoperative simultaneous radiotherapy + surgery is still a treatment option available for research and prospective studies have been initiated.