Kidney disease has become one of the world’s most frightening “invisible killers”, but the awareness rate of our nationals is still less than 10 per 1,000.
Who are vulnerable to kidney disease?
Firstly, people with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and family history of kidney disease; secondly, people with metabolic diseases (obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperuric acid), long-term use of nephrotoxic drugs (NSAIDs, antimicrobials, etc.), chronic urinary tract infections, urinary tract obstruction, hypercoagulable state, autoimmune diseases (lupus erythematosus, etc.), high protein diet, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and people over 65 years old. .
How can I tell if my kidneys are healthy?
Be alert to the following symptoms.
Fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, back pain, increased nocturia, frothy urine, red urine, edema, elevated blood pressure, breath with urine odor, bone pain, itchy skin, muscle tremor, numbness in hands and feet, drowsiness, slow reaction and other manifestations or laboratory tests with proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia, anemia, elevated serum creatinine and urea nitrogen.
When you have the above symptoms, you need to have an important test.
Kidney biopsy.
Renal puncture is called “percutaneous renal puncture biopsy”, which involves removing a small amount of kidney tissue from the kidney with a puncture needle for pathological examination. During the puncture, the patient is in the prone position and the operator uses a fine needle to aspirate a small strip of tissue from the kidney, and the entire puncture procedure takes only a few seconds. In the last decade or so, extraordinary progress has been made in the technique of performing renal biopsy. This is partly due to improvements in puncture needles, and partly due to the introduction of ultrasound technology. Under the guidance of ultrasound, doctors can understand the size and structure of the kidney more clearly, thus significantly improving the safety of the procedure and the success rate of retrieval. Nowadays, renal biopsy has become a commonly performed examination in China and abroad.
Its significance is as follows.
Determine if you have nephritis? Determine what kind of nephritis is present?
Glomerulonephritis can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary, each of which contains many nephritis of different natures, for example, primary glomerulonephritis includes at least nine pathological types, which differ greatly in terms of the rate of disease progression, treatment options, efficacy response and prognosis.
Determining the severity and reversibility of the lesion?
Sometimes the clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease do not parallel each other, and only by performing a kidney puncture pathology can we accurately understand the severity of the lesion, formulate a treatment plan and determine the prognosis of the disease. In acute kidney disease, especially in acute nephritis, kidney biopsy is particularly important.
What are the risks of kidney puncture?
Although the technique of renal puncture is quite mature, it is an invasive test and many complications, mainly bleeding, can occur. The majority of patients can improve quickly with the use of hemostatic drugs and prolonged bed rest; in rare cases, serious or even life-threatening blood loss can occur. Kidney abscess, sepsis, anesthetic allergy, etc. may also occur. Sometimes, unsatisfactory sampling can be caused by poor patient cooperation or kidney atrophy. Overall, the mortality rate of percutaneous renal puncture is about 0-0.1%.
What are the preparations that patients need to do before and after the procedure.
1. The patient himself and his family need to sign the consent form for the procedure.
2.Training breathing. Since the kidney can move up and down with breathing, and most of the kidney is covered by the rib cage in the chest, the doctor should train the patient to hold his breath for at least 20 seconds after inhalation, and only in this state is renal puncture feasible.
The patient should be bedridden for 24 hours after the kidney puncture, so he should also be trained to urinate in bed.
4.The day before the operation, the patient should take a bath or scrub the back to reduce the possibility of postoperative infection.
5.Patients should be absolutely bedridden for 24 hours after surgery, and only after that should they gradually start to get out of bed.
6.Patients should drink more water or eat watermelon after surgery to promote blood cell discharge and prevent blood clots from blocking the ureter or urethra.