According to the 2006 epidemiological survey, there are about 93 million chronic HBV infections in China, of which about 20 million are chronic hepatitis B. Since the adoption of the hepatitis B vaccine program, the rate of HBV infection has decreased significantly. The genomic structure of HBV prevalent in China is mainly type C and type B, which together account for 90%. HBV is mainly transmitted through blood, mother-to-child and sexual contact, and generally does not affect daily work, life and study. The most effective measures to prevent HBV infection are vaccination, catch-up vaccination and strengthening the management of patients and carriers. Those who have been positive for hepatitis B or HBsAg for more than 6 months and are still positive for HBsAg and/or HBVDNA can be diagnosed with chronic HBV infection, including carriers, chronic hepatitis B, occult chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B cirrhosis. The key to the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in China is antiviral, and others can also be considered according to the condition of interferon, nucleotide analogues, immunomodulation, Chinese medicine, etc.