Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective way to prevent HBV infection. The targets of hepatitis B vaccination are mainly newborns, followed by infants and children, unimmunized people under 15 years old and high-risk groups (such as medical personnel, people who are often exposed to blood, workers in childcare institutions, organ transplant patients, people who often receive blood transfusions or blood products, people with low immune function, people who are prone to trauma, family members of HBsAg-positive people, men who have sex with men or have multiple sexual partners and people who inject drugs intravenously). The vaccine should be administered to patients with hepatitis B.) Three doses of hepatitis B vaccine are required for the entire course, according to the 0, 1, and 6 months procedure, i.e. after the first dose, the second and third doses are given at intervals of 1 month and 6 months. Hepatitis B vaccination for newborns should be given within 24 hours of birth, the earlier the better. The vaccination site is intramuscular in the lateral anterior gluteal muscle for newborns and intramuscular in the middle deltoid muscle of the upper arm for children and adults. The blockage rate of mother-to-child transmission with hepatitis B vaccine alone was 87.8% (II-3). For newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers, hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) at a dose of ≥100 IU should be administered as early as possible within 24 h after birth (preferably 12 h after birth), along with 10 μg of recombinant yeast or 20 μg of Chinese hamster oocyte (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine at different sites, and a second and third dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively. The effectiveness of interruption of mother-to-child transmission is significantly improved with the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively (II-3). It is also possible to administer one dose of HBIG within 12 h of birth, followed by a second dose of HBIG 1 month later, and a single 10 μg recombinant yeast or 20 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine at different sites, with a second and third dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 and 6 months intervals, respectively [39]. Newborns were allowed to receive breastfeeding from HBsAg-positive mothers after HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine were administered within 12 h of birth (III). Newborns of HBsAg-negative mothers can be immunized with 5 μg or 10 μg yeast or 10 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine; children who were not vaccinated against hepatitis B during the neonatal period should be given a catch-up dose of 5 μg or 10 μg recombinant yeast or 10 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine; for adults, 20 μg yeast or 20 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine is recommended. For those who are immunocompromised or non-responders, the vaccination dose (e.g. 60 μg) and number of doses should be increased; for those who do not respond to the 3-dose immunization program, they can receive 3 more doses and have their serum tested for anti-HBs 1 to 2 months after the second 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine, and if they still do not respond, they can receive a 60 μg recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine. The protective effect of hepatitis B vaccination for those with antibody response generally lasts for at least 12 years, therefore, anti-HBs monitoring or booster immunization is not required for the general population. However, anti-HBs monitoring can be performed in high-risk groups, and booster immunization (III) can be given if anti-HBs is <10 mIU/mL.