IgA nephropathy is currently the most common primary glomerular disease, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood, and is mostly seen in children over 5 years of age. The clinical manifestations are mostly recurrent episodes of hematuria, or only microscopic hematuria and proteinuria, and the trigger for the episodes is mostly upper respiratory tract infection. The diagnosis requires renal tissue biopsy and immunofluorescence pathology showing IgA-based immunoglobulin deposition in the glomerular tract. IgA nephropathy can be mild or severe, and the prognosis varies widely, with most patients progressing slowly. However, there are a few patients who progress rapidly and develop acute renal failure quickly. Therefore, regular monitoring is important.