Misuse syndrome refers to a group of symptoms in which hemiplegic patients have uncoordinated movements of hemiplegic limb muscle groups and are unable to achieve effective activity functions due to inappropriate exercise methods during the rehabilitation process. Patients with this syndrome have unbalanced muscle strength development in the flexor and extensor muscle groups of their hemiplegic limbs, and often have muscle spasms that prevent them from performing detachment movements, reducing their ability to perform activities of daily living. This is a major obstacle to the rehabilitation of hemiplegic limb function. Thus, in the rehabilitation process of stroke hemiplegia, it is important to pay attention to the prevention of misuse syndrome. In clinical practice, when stroke patients are stabilized, health care providers ask patients to strengthen functional training of the hemiplegic limb, but a significant number of clinicians do not know how to strengthen functional training to facilitate the rehabilitation of the hemiplegic limb, and patients and their families are even more confused. Patients and their family members often mistakenly believe that the harder the exercise, the better the effect, so they keep strengthening the contraction of the hemiplegic limb muscles to perform powerful flexion movements, resulting in strengthening the flexion movement but inhibiting the extensor movement, so that the upper limb on the hemiplegic side often shows flexion spasm. In terms of functional training of hemiplegic fingers, patients generally believe that the paralyzed fingers are weak, so the harder they are in training, the better, and so they use strong flexion training. The viewpoint in terms of impairment is that the closing and flexion of the fingers (grip), which is part of the primitive spinal cord horizontal range of motion, is part of the upper limb flexion co-movement pattern, and that grip training increases flexor muscle strength but weakens extensor muscle strength, with the result that the most important for the fingers, individual independent motor ability, is delayed or even difficult to achieve. Similarly, if the hemiplegic lower extremity only performs extensor movements such as standing and walking (hip and knee extension and flexion), only the extensor movements are performed, while the flexor movements are suppressed, resulting in a hemiplegic “circle” gait with difficulty in lower extremity flexion. Misuse syndrome is a secondary damage of medical origin caused by inappropriate treatment methods in rehabilitation therapy. In China, where modern rehabilitation technology is not yet widespread, misuse syndrome is very common and must be given sufficient attention. We analyze the case of hemiplegia as an example in order to improve the understanding of the concept and rationality of rehabilitation. Some common misuses in the rehabilitation process of hemiplegic patients are: (1) Inappropriate passive joint activity training leads to joint damage. Passive activities of the joints of the limbs are one of the early rehabilitation measures for patients with cerebrovascular disease, and the principle is that the normal range of activities of the joints themselves should not be exceeded. Once this range is exceeded, it will not only cause pain, but also lead to ligament rupture and bleeding in the joint cavity. In the long run, this can lead to chronic inflammation and even to hypertrophy and shortening of the joint capsule and joint contracture, making rehabilitation more difficult. Injuries caused by excessive passive joint activity training can also cause heterotopic ossification around the joints. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the training volume (range and frequency of joint movement) when doing passive joint activities. Generally, each joint should be moved 3-5 times each time and repeated 2-3 times a day. This can achieve the purpose of rehabilitation and prevent joint contracture. Do not do rough passive joint activities several times. (2) Errors in rehabilitation methods can lead to strengthening of the original abnormal movement patterns in patients with cerebrovascular disease. For example, when the movement pattern of the affected limb is still in the co-movement stage, the training of upper limb flexion pulling and lower limb straight leg raising can enhance the abnormal movement pattern and inhibit the emergence of separate movement and normal movement pattern. (3) Inappropriate stimulation can increase muscle tone on the affected side. At some point in the recovery process of stroke patients, increased muscle tone may occur, but excessive increase in muscle tone may prevent the emergence of dissociative movements. At this point, any stimulus that enhances muscle tone is harmful. According to our clinical experience, if acupuncture stimulation, electrical stimulation and massage are not given at this stage according to the principle of promoting normal motor patterns and reflexes and inhibiting abnormal motor pattern reflexes, muscle tone will be enhanced and further recovery of function will be affected. (4) Premature walking training can lead to knee hyperextension and stick-and-circle gait. For a stroke patient with lower extremity paralysis to be trained to walk, the conditions of independent sitting, independent standing, standing when the center of gravity is on the affected lower extremity, and having dissociative movements to appear must be present. This means that the training must be performed in the order from sitting → standing → walking. In China, many families of stroke patients want to restore walking function as soon as possible, so they often force the patient to “walk” when he or she is not yet able to stand independently. This not only fails to achieve the goal, but also leads to knee hyperextension and aggravates the circle gait pattern. (5) Replacing motor control and coordination training with plyometric training often strengthens abnormal motor patterns. Central neurological palsy is a complex loss of motor control and coordination and fine skills and other functions, and is a dysfunction of a group of muscles, rather than the one or two muscles involved in peripheral neurological palsy. Therefore, training only the muscle strength of the affected limb in stroke patients cannot fundamentally promote the recovery of limb function. Some physicians often mislead patients to train only the affected limb, which in turn promotes the strengthening of pre-existing abnormal movement patterns and hinders the recovery of motor control, coordination, and fine skill abilities. In conclusion, whether it is disuse syndrome, overuse syndrome or misuse syndrome, prevention is the key. Only by raising and strengthening the full understanding of it, early prevention, early detection, early treatment, and scientific and reasonable use of rehabilitation medicine can the occurrence, mitigation or improvement of symptoms be avoided.