What is neuroendoscopy? Neuroendoscopy is a pair of “wise eyes” brought to our neurosurgeons by modern science and technology. The surgery is performed under endoscopic surveillance, which is very delicate, lightly traumatic and effective. Neuroendoscopy is a promising new field in neurosurgery. As a new diagnostic and treatment tool, it has improved the understanding of certain diseases and changed the treatment concept of some diseases. Neuroendoscopic surgery is one of the major minimally invasive techniques in neurosurgery. Minimally invasive means striving to minimize the trauma of surgery on the basis of striving for the best efficacy, i.e., striving to get the maximum surgical efficacy at the cost of the least surgical trauma. It generally includes two types of surgical procedures: operating through the instrument channel of the endoscope and operating outside the endoscope, often through a bone hole or a bone window of 2-3 cm in diameter to treat intracranial lesions. What are the advantages of neuroendoscopic surgery? 1, neuroendoscopic technology has the advantages of small trauma, good efficacy and few postoperative complications, 2, compared with microscopy, endoscopic surgery is less traumatic, clearer field of view, broader revealing range, able to observe lesions at close range, precise and meticulous surgical operation, greatly reducing surgical injury, reducing complications, and improving surgical efficacy. And postoperative pain is small, recovery is fast, hospitalization time is short, and costs are low. 3. The combination of neuroendoscopic technology and other new technologies, using small incisions, makes some neurosurgical procedures more accurate and delicate, and further reduces surgical trauma, even reaching “no trace of snow”. What diseases can be treated by neuroendoscopy? 1, hydrocephalus: obstructive hydrocephalus, complex hydrocephalus, etc. In infants and children with hydrocephalus, if shunts are performed, there are many postoperative complications, and as the child grows up, the shunt needs to be replaced again. Neuroendoscopic surgery is less traumatic, more effective, and does not require placement and replacement of shunts. 2. Intracerebroventricular cysts, cerebral cysticercosis, cerebral abscesses, and ventriculitis can be treated by neuroendoscopic surgery. 3, intracranial arachnoid cysts: lateral split arachnoid cysts, occipital pool cysts, suprasellar cysts, etc., of which suprasellar cysts are often misdiagnosed as hydrocephalus and treated with shunts, after which the cysts continue to increase in size and the condition worsens; instead, endoscopic surgery is used to open the cyst wall under the endoscope and completely relieve hydrocephalus. 4.Pituitary tumor: Most pituitary tumors can be removed by endoscopic transnasal approach, and the intraoperative operations are performed under endoscopic surveillance, which is safer than microsurgery, with high rate of total tumor excision and less trauma, without filling the nasal cavity and less postoperative pain for patients. 5.Slope chordoma, lacunar cyst, cerebrospinal fluid nasal leakage, optic nerve injury, etc. can be treated by endoscopic surgery through nasal approach without external incision. 6.Brain tumors: some intracranial gliomas can be removed by endoscopic surgery, and cholesteatoma is more conducive to complete removal under endoscopy. Some cystic tumors, such as hemangioblastoma, glial cyst and craniopharyngioma can also be removed endoscopically. 7.Chronic subdural hematoma, ventricular hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage: compared with traditional surgery, the surgery is less traumatic and has fewer postoperative complications. 8, Trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, intractable vertigo and glossopharyngeal neuralgia can be endoscopically performed neurovascular decompression. 9.Chiari malformation: i.e., submicrocephalic tonsillar herniation malformation. In some patients with hydrocephalus, a third ventriculostomy can be performed; in others, endoscopic decompression of the occipital foramen magnum can be performed with minimal trauma and rapid postoperative recovery.