Hernia: A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue leaves its normal anatomical location and enters another part of the body through a congenital or acquired weak point, defect, or orifice. It is most commonly seen in the abdomen, and the most common type of hernia is an extra-abdominal hernia, commonly known as “small intestine gas”. Decreased strength of the abdominal jaw and increased intra-abdominal pressure are the main causes of ventral hernia. There are four types of extra-abdominal hernias: easy to recur, difficult to recur, intussusception, and strangulation. Easy-to-recover hernia: the hernia is easily retracted into the abdominal cavity. Refractory hernia: the contents of the hernia cannot or cannot be completely retracted into the abdominal cavity but does not cause serious symptoms. This is mainly due to repeated protrusion of the hernia contents, resulting in frictional damage to the neck of the hernia sac and adhesions that prevent or prevent complete retrieval of the hernia contents into the abdominal cavity, mostly in the greater omentum. In a few cases with long duration of disease, the peritoneum above the hernia sac neck is gradually pushed into the hernia sac by the downward force generated by the continuous entry of hernia contents into the sac, especially in the iliac fossa area where the peritoneum is not tightly bonded to the posterior abdominal wall and is more easily pushed, so that the cecum, sigmoid colon and bladder then move down and become part of the wall of the hernia sac, which is called sliding hernia, mostly seen in the right groin and is also a difficult to reopen hernia. Intrusive hernia: due to sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure, the contents of the hernia forcefully expand and break through the neck of the hernia sac and enter the sac, and then the neck of the sac contracts and snags the contents of the hernia, preventing it from retracting, which is called an intrusive hernia. Strangulated hernia: If the embedment of an incarcerated hernia cannot be released in time, the pressure on the intestinal canal and its mesentery keeps increasing so that the left venous return is obstructed and the arterial blood flow is reduced and finally completely blocked, which is called strangulated hernia. The inguinal hernia is divided into two types: oblique hernia and straight hernia: the hernia sac protrudes through the deep ring of inguinal canal lateral to the inferior abdominal artery, and after passing through the inguinal canal, it penetrates the superficial ring of inguinal canal and can enter the scrotum, which is called inguinal hernia. The hernia sac protrudes directly from posterior to anterior through the rectus hernia triangle medial to the inferior abdominal artery without passing through the internal or external ring and without entering the scrotum, which is called a direct inguinal hernia. Treatment of ventral hernia: If ventral hernia is not treated in time, the contents of the hernia will gradually increase and the hernia mass will slowly increase in size, which will eventually aggravate the abdominal wall defect and affect the labor force, among which hiatal hernia can often become entrapment or even strangulation necrosis and threaten the patient’s life. This disease can not be treated by drugs. 1, non-surgical treatment: infants and children under one year of age can be suspended without surgery, and the hernia may disappear on its own as its body grows and the abdominal wall muscle gradually strengthens. A cotton girdle or bandage can be used to press the deep ring of the inguinal canal to prevent the hernia from protruding and to give the developing abdominal wall muscles a chance to strengthen the abdominal jaws. Those who are too old and frail or with very serious diseases cannot be operated during the day can take medical hernia belt to stop the protrusion of hernia mass, but long-term use can make the neck of hernia sac hypertrophy and increase the risk of incarcerated hernia. 2. Surgical treatment: ① traditional hernia repair; ② tension-free hernia repair; ③ trans-laparoscopic hernia repair. Traditional hernia repair: the basic principle is to ligate the hernia sac in high position and strengthen or repair the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. High ligation of the hernia sac is indicated for infants and young children, whose abdominal muscles are growing and do not require repair. There are four methods to repair or strengthen the posterior inguinal canal: Bassini’s method: the spermatic cord is lifted, the inferior border of the internal oblique muscle and the joint tendon are sutured posteriorly to the inguinal ligament, and the spermatic cord is placed between the tendon membrane of the internal oblique muscle and the external oblique muscle of the abdomen. HaLsted’s method: Similar to ①, the tendon membrane of the external oblique abdominal muscle is also sewn posteriorly to the inguinal ligament, and the spermatic cord is placed in the subcutaneous layer of the abdominal bark. McVay’s method: The inferior border of the internal oblique abdominal muscle and the joint tendon were sutured posteriorly to the pubic commissure ligament in the spermatic cord. ShouLdice method: the transversus abdominis fascia is incised throughout from the pubic tuberosity toward the internal circumferential orifice, then overlapping sutures are placed, and then treated according to method ①. Tension-free hernia repair: All traditional hernia repairs have the disadvantages of high suture tension, postoperative tugging at the surgical site, pain, and easy recurrence of tissue healing for a long time. Modern hernia repair emphasizes repair under tension-free conditions and uses synthetic fiber mesh as the repair material. The cost of the material is not very expensive, about $2,000, and is reimbursed by local health insurance at different rates. This method is relatively cost-effective. Transperitoneal hernia repair: there are also four methods: transperitoneal anterior approach (TAPA) completely transperitoneal approach (TEA) intraperitoneal approach (IP0M) simple hernia ring suture method: only for children and less severe hiatal hernia. Transperitoneal hernia repair is relatively less traumatic to the abdominal bones, and the postoperative scars are also small and relatively aesthetic. However, the surgical and material costs are relatively expensive: the repair material is more than twice as expensive as the tension-free repair material and costs about 6,000 yuan if three disposable puncture cannulas are used laparoscopically (reusable metal puncture cannulas can also be used and this part of the cost can be omitted), and 6,000 to 8,000 yuan if a disposable ultrasound tip is used intraoperatively. The current health insurance policy is not reimbursed or the reimbursement percentage is very low. Patients can choose to use it according to their needs and affordability.