Asthma is a relatively common chronic disease of the pediatric respiratory tract that includes inflammation of the bronchi, airways and other passages that allow air to enter the lungs. Asthma attacks are caused by an allergic reaction of the airways to certain substances that cause this allergic reaction, such as tobacco, cold air and other environmentally harmful substances. These allergic substances narrow the airways and make breathing difficult, and the allergens also cause chronic inflammatory episodes into the asthma phase. Although tobacco, cold air and other environmental factors can cause asthma, they do not themselves cause inflammation. Symptoms of the asthma phase include wheezing, difficulty breathing, coughing, shallow fast breathing, and chest tightness. Why asthmatic children are increasing Children today (especially in developed countries) are rarely exposed to certain bacteria and infections. The increasing presence of small families, widespread vaccination, use of antibiotics, reduced breastfeeding, reduced contact with other animals and excessive cleanliness inevitably lead to a lack of necessary exercise of the immune system and therefore an increased chance of asthma. If infants have regular contact with other children during the first 6 months of life, the probability of developing asthma is greatly reduced, which is known as the “hygiene hypothesis”. Exposure to other children and to influenza and other non-malignant infectious diseases can strengthen the infant’s immune function. People who have had asthma as children have a greater chance of getting it as adults. If asthma is not effectively controlled, it can cause damage to the bronchial tubes. Early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric asthma is extremely important because the effectiveness of treatment as a child directly affects health in adulthood. Treatment includes avoidance of exposure to inflammatory triggers and early application of medications to control inflammation and asthma attacks. Home care of asthma and planned treatment of asthma can often avoid emergency care and hospitalization. Most children with asthma can live very well.