Pemphigus is a group of chronic autoimmune maculopathies caused by antibodies against bridging granule core proteins (pemphigus antibodies) in the serum. Patients with pemphigus antibodies in the serum combine with autoantigens in the skin and mucous membranes to stimulate an immune response, resulting in the development of loose blisters and vesicles on normal skin or mucous membranes, often secondary to infection, which can be life-threatening, with a mortality rate of approximately 5-15% reported in the literature. Most patients first develop blisters on the oral mucosa, followed by batches of blisters on the skin throughout the body, with thin, flaccid walls that break down easily and form vesicles that do not heal easily. Patients often have symptoms of itching, pain and fever. As the vesicular surface exudes more fluid and protein, coupled with the difficulty of eating due to oral mucosal lesions, the patient’s nutritional status deteriorates and resistance decreases rapidly, making him prone to complications such as bacterial infections, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Several other types of aspergillosis have relatively mild skin mucosal damage. The etiology and pathogenesis of aspergillosis are unknown. Certain drugs such as penicillamine and captopril can induce aspergillosis, and those with tumors are called paraneoplastic aspergillosis. Most patients with pemphigus are in serious condition, and certain conditions are needed to confirm the diagnosis. The diagnosis should be confirmed by dermatopathology, immunopathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other tests to detect the concentration of antibodies to pemphigus in order to guide treatment. The principles of treatment are early diagnosis, early treatment, regular medication, and long-term follow-up, with most patients requiring continuous medication for 3-4 years or more. Most patients with pemphigus need to take glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs, and the dosage should be gradually reduced under the guidance of a doctor after the disease is controlled. Glucocorticoids can cause side effects such as peptic ulcers, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar, so patients with pemphigus need a low-salt, low-sugar, high-protein diet and avoid foods that irritate the gastrointestinal tract, such as foods that are too hard, salty, spicy, and indigestible. Blindly avoiding food is not good for the recovery of aspergillosis. Changes in blood sugar, blood pressure, electrolytes, and bone density need to be closely monitored while using hormones. When using immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, it is especially important to regularly check the blood routine, liver and kidney functions and other items.