Paraneoplastic aspergillosis is a type of autoimmune herpetic disease that has become increasingly recognized in the last 20 years. It is associated with a variety of lymphoproliferative neoplasms, such as Castleman’s tumor, lymphoma, thymoma, and leukemia. The disease is characterized by extensive and severe blisters, erosions and other skin lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, and can also be accompanied by visceral damage such as occlusive bronchitis and myasthenia gravis, with mortality rates ranging from 79% to 90% as reported abroad. We reported the first case of this disease in China and demonstrated for the first time internationally that the accompanying tumor cells are able to secrete pathogenic antibodies that specifically recognize skin autoantigens, resulting in skin mucosal damage, and the research results were published in Lancet. This is the first time for our dermatology community to publish a paper in this top international medical journal. On the basis of this, the antigenic epitopes against autoantibodies were initially identified, and a treatment plan was developed accordingly, and more than 70 patients have been treated, with a long-term follow-up mortality rate of less than 50%. We have treated more than 70 patients, and the long-term follow-up mortality rate has been reduced to less than 50%. This has made China an international leader in theoretical research and clinical treatment of this disease. Autoimmune herpetic dermatoses are a group of autoimmune diseases involving the skin, mainly including aspergillosis and herpetoid aspergillosis, which are a group of severe dermatoses with a high mortality rate if left untreated and are the focus of dermatological research. Because the autoantigens recognized by disease-causing antibodies are limited to one or more proteins at the epidermis or epidermis-dermis junction, they are easy to obtain and observe, thus becoming a doorway to study the pathogenic process of autoimmune diseases. Paraneoplastic aspergillosis, a form of aspergillosis, has been shown to have tumor-derived antibodies, making this disease model a key to studying the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Our ongoing research on animal models of paraneoplastic aspergillosis and targeted therapies for herpetiform aspergillosis will help to further unravel the intriguing aspects of the pathogenesis and prevention strategies for this group of diseases, and offer hope for addressing the suffering of these patients.