Schizophrenia is a group of abnormalities in brain function and mental activity that are triggered by genetic mutations. It often manifests clinically as a syndrome with a variety of symptoms involving impairments in perception, thinking, emotion, and behavior, as well as incoordination of mental activities. Patients are generally conscious and have normal intelligence, but some patients may develop cognitive impairment during the course of the disease. The course of the disease is generally prolonged, with recurrent attacks, exacerbation or deterioration, and some patients eventually experience decline and mental disability, but some patients can maintain a cured or basically cured state after treatment. 1. Genetic factors There is more evidence that schizophrenia is hereditary, with a much higher prevalence among the patient’s family members than among the general population, and the more blood relations are advanced, the higher the prevalence. Family lineage survey studies have found that the prevalence of psychosis among family members of schizophrenia patients is 6.2 times higher than that of the general population. For those with both parents suffering from schizophrenia, the chance of their children having the disease is 35%-68%, compared to 0.38%-0.84% for the normal population. 2, psychosocial factors Family environment: some reports suggest that more schizophrenia patients live in broken families (parental divorce, death or runaway) during their early childhood; more patients have parents with strange personalities or neuroses; more parents have abnormal relationships with their children, etc. Personality problems: many schizophrenic patients have a bad personality before the illness, such as a schizoid personality. Life events: Certain life events can affect the appearance of symptoms, but it is not clear whether the life event is the cause or the effect. For example, after the 9/11 attacks, 400,000 New Yorkers had varying degrees of mental disorder, but many more did not have mental abnormalities. 3, biological factors The most important etiological study of schizophrenia, but also the clinical treatment is most proud of the antipsychotic drugs, but not first the etiological study, and then the treatment, the first antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine on the treatment of schizophrenia was discovered purely by chance, and then a breakthrough in the understanding of the disease, now all the development of antipsychotic drugs are in chlorpromazine The foundation was started. The doctrine underlying the development of antipsychotic drugs is the “dopamine hyperfunction doctrine”! Other neurotransmitters such as r-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and neuropeptides have also been the focus of research in recent years.