Antipsychotic drug therapy and cardiotoxic reactions

Antipsychotic drugs in the past, also known as nerve blockers, mainly for the treatment of schizophrenia, paranoid psychosis, psychogenic mental disorders, as well as a number of other mental illnesses, he can effectively inhibit the excitement of agitation, treatment of thought disorders, and behavioral disorders, eliminating the patient’s hostile attitude and even slow down the process of disease recession. According to China’s epidemiological survey, the total prevalence of mental diseases is 10-20%, of which the prevalence of schizophrenia is 3-8 per thousand, with an annual incidence rate of more than 0.1 per thousand. Especially in today’s highly competitive social environment, its prevalence is on the rise year by year. This kind of disease has been the mainstream of treatment by electric convulsions, insulin shock treatment to drug treatment as the mainstream, almost 100% of the psychiatric patients in the use of drug treatment, most of the patients after treatment can be cured or basically relieved, able to carry out normal work and life. However, some patients still have serious cardiotoxicity, loss of labor ability, and even death in the course of treatment. Clinical evidence, the application of antipsychotic drugs to countless psychiatric patients and families to bring the light, but in the process of treatment of toxic side effects has also caused widespread concern, especially cardiovascular adverse reactions, in recent years more and more people’s attention to the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. The exact mechanism of cardiovascular toxicity is still not fully understood. The serious cardiovascular toxicity can jeopardize the life of patients. It is currently believed that the possible mechanisms are related to the therapeutic safety range of the drug. Therefore, strict nursing observation and clinicians’ knowledge of the safety range of the drugs may avoid or minimize the occurrence of such adverse reactions and lead to timely management. Cardiovascular adverse reactions of antipsychotic-targeted drugs include: hypertension, myocardial ischemia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)/chronic heart failure (HF), prolongation of the Q-T interval and other electrocardiographic changes. Even significant ST-T changes and localized myocardial ischemia occur, even leading to severe arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. In general, this toxicity may be the result of myocardial tissue damage or electrophysiological disorders, and patients may develop conduction disorders (e.g., conduction block), arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia), and acute myocardial injuries, which are often characterized by elevated myocardial enzymes or electrocardiographic changes of local ischemia. We can perform rigorous testing during dosing and intervene aggressively. Chronic toxicity, on the other hand, is mainly characterized by signs and symptoms of chronic cardiac insufficiency. In the treatment of psychosis, commonly used drugs include antidepressants, anxiolytics, and antischizophrenic drugs, such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol, sulpiride, clozapine, amitriptyline, doxepin, fluoxetine, propranolol, alprazolam, and so on. The first commonly used antidepressants are the tricyclic drugs, which are often associated with postural hypotension in the heart, as well as heart damage. Early manifestations of cardiac damage are ST-T changes in the electrocardiogram, widening of the QRS wave, prolongation of the P-Q period, heart rate disorders, and atrioventricular conduction organization. Patients often complain of palpitations and chest tightness. In clinical treatment, if the above symptoms occur, the first thing to consider is whether the range and dosage of the drug is appropriate, and the following measures are recommended: 1, treatment should start with a small dose of such drugs, gradually increase the dose, generally increase the dose once every three days, the adjustment range should not be too large, generally in two weeks to reach the effective therapeutic amount. 2, in the process of increasing the dose of such drugs strictly. 2, in the process of increasing the dose of drugs to strictly observe the adverse reactions, strengthen nursing care, general hourly nurses should patrol the ward 1-2 times, testing vital signs. For awake patients to ask whether there is any discomfort. For light adverse reactions, the drug should be used cautiously, and if serious adverse reactions occur, the drug should be stopped immediately, or the dose should be reduced. Cardiac monitoring must be carried out at this stage, and continuous low-flow oxygen inhalation if necessary. 3.Anti-psychotic drugs should not be applied together with many kinds of drugs, and should be applied individually. 4.After treatment, it is advisable to reduce the dosage of long-term maintenance treatment after the emergence of the effect. 5.If there are changes in electrocardiogram, myocardial enzymes and vital signs during the treatment, nutritive myocardial drugs can be applied, and nitrate drugs can be applied if necessary. If the heart rate disorder is timely symptomatic treatment, such as the emergence of tachycardia, can increase the dosage of propranolol, when bradycardia occurs, can be used in the symptomatic treatment of salbutamol. 6.If necessary, please ask the relevant experts to consult with the doctor in time to provide a better treatment program to avoid delaying the condition.