”Obesity is a breathing pain, it lives in all the corners of my body, eating KFC will hurt, eating McDonald’s will hurt, even drinking water also hurts; obesity is a breathing pain, it flows in the blood rolling back and forth, regret not to lose weight will hurt, hate not dieting will hurt, want to thin can not thin the most pain”, this is a TV series lyrics, sang the voice of many people, Nowadays, obesity is not only a problem in the minds of young girls, but also in the minds of many men who are increasingly concerned about the maintenance of their bodies.
The University of Washington Institute of Health Statistics Analysis Report: Currently, about 7 billion people in the world 2.1 billion is fat, and the most obese people in the world is the United States, followed by China, ranked second in the world.
Normal human weight calculation method.
1, the standard weight of adults: (height cm-2500px) × 90% = standard weight (kg). When the weight of more than 10% of the standard weight, known as overweight; more than 20% of the standard weight, known as mild obesity; more than 30% of the standard weight, known as moderate obesity; when more than 50% known as severe obesity.
2, children’s standard weight: (age × 2) + 8 = standard weight (kg). When the weight exceeds 10% of the standard weight, known as overweight; exceed the standard weight of 20%, known as mild obesity; exceed the standard weight of 30%, known as moderate obesity; when more than 50% known as severe obesity.
Causes of obesity.
Obesity is due to excessive accumulation of fat in the human body, divided into two categories of simple obesity and secondary obesity.
1, genetic reasons: the whole family is fat is not necessarily genetic reasons, but also may be related to your family’s eating habits.
2, neuropsychiatric factors: mood swings will affect appetite, in order to lift the heart of the trouble, emotional instability, many people use to eat to do vent, which are over-eating and lead to obesity.
3, the reduction of metabolism: people to middle age due to the metabolic rate is reduced easy to fat; uneven nutrition, only eat meat and junk food (no nutritious food) do not eat fruits and vegetables will also make the metabolic rate reduced to obesity.
4, hyperinsulinemia: obesity often coexists with hyperinsulinemia, hyperinsulinemic obese people’s insulin release is about 3 times of normal people.
5, and exercise related factors: exercise helps consume fat, in daily life, with the development of transportation, work mechanization, household chores to reduce the amount, etc., so that the body consumes less calories, on the other hand, because the intake of energy did not reduce, and the formation of obesity.
The harm of obesity disease.
1, obesity and cardiovascular system: obesity patients complications of coronary heart disease, hypertension is significantly higher than non-obese people, its incidence is generally 5 to 10 times than non-obese people. Hypertension is very common in obese patients, and is also a major risk factor for aggravating heart and kidney lesions, and blood pressure will recover after weight loss.
2, obesity of respiratory function changes: obese patients lung capacity and lung compliance decreased, can lead to a variety of lung function abnormalities, such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, clinical drowsiness, obesity, alveolar hypoventilation syndrome as the characteristics, often accompanied by obstructive sleep dyspnea. Severe cases can lead to pulmonary heart syndrome (Pickwickian’ssyndrome). In addition, severe obesity, but also can cause sleep apnea, occasionally see the report of sudden death.
3, obesity of sugar, lipid metabolism active at the same time more accompanied by metabolic disorders, will appear “three high” and so on. Central type obesity significantly increases the risk of diabetes.
4, obesity and musculoskeletal lesions: arthritis: the most common is osteoarthritis, due to long-term weight bearing, so that the cartilage surface structure of the joint changes, the knee joint lesions are most common. Gout: about 10% of obese patients are combined with hyperuricemia and are prone to gout. Osteoporosis: there are many obese patients with osteoporosis.
5.Increase the difficulty of surgery and easy infection after surgery.
Related examination of obesity.
1, lipid examination: including cholesterol, triacylglycerol (triglyceride), high-density lipoprotein determination.
2, blood glucose examination: including glucose tolerance test, blood insulin determination.
3.Fatty liver examination: ultrasound, SGPT.
4.Water metabolism examination: antidiuretic hormone determination.
5.Sex hormone measurement: estradiol, testosterone, FSH, LH.
6.Checking blood cortisol, T3, T4, TSH, etc.
But note that a series of endocrine dysfunction caused by obesity can also cause abnormalities in the above tests. In addition, don’t neglect the change of body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure and basal metabolic rate.
Treatment of obesity.
The two main aspects of treatment are to reduce caloric intake and to increase caloric expenditure. Emphasis on behavior, diet, exercise as the main comprehensive treatment, supplemented by drugs or surgery if necessary. Secondary obesity should be treated for the cause. Various complications and concomitant diseases should be given corresponding treatment.
1.Control diet.
For mild obesity, control the total amount of food eaten, adopt low-calorie and low-fat diet, avoid intake of high-sugar food, make the total daily calories lower than the consumption, and do more physical work and physical exercise.
2.Exercise therapy.
Aerobic exercise: power bicycle (as shown), walking, brisk walking, jogging, walking, skating, long-distance swimming, tai chi, fitness dance, rope skipping, rhythmic exercises, ball games such as basketball, soccer, etc. Aerobic exercise is characterized by low intensity, rhythm, uninterrupted and long duration. Note: aerobic exercise is limited, depending on the patient’s own situation, do not exercise too much to appear unnecessary danger.
3.Drug treatment.
For patients with severe obesity can apply drugs to reduce weight, and then continue to maintain (medication needs to be careful, there are advantages and disadvantages).
4, surgical treatment.
Weight reduction and metabolic surgery, jejuno-ileal short-circuit surgery, bile duct-pancreatic short-circuit surgery, gastric short-circuit surgery, gastroplasty, vagotomy and gastric balloon surgery are available.