Whether long-term use of contraceptive pills has an effect on the occurrence of common gynecological malignancies is a hot topic of research by scholars in various countries. 2010, Hannaford et al. published a prospective cohort study of 46,112 women from 1,400 health care institutions in the United Kingdom, with a follow-up of 39 years, of which 819,175 women-years in the group of women who had been taking the pill, and 378,006 women-years in the group of women who had never been taking the pill. 378,006 women-years, the results found that women who had taken the pill all-cause mortality was significantly lower (RR = 0.88, 95% CI for 0.82-0.93); and, all malignant tumors (including colon cancer, rectal cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, etc.) caused by mortality was also significantly lower. 1. Contraceptive pill and ovarian cancer: The incidence rate of ovarian cancer ranks the 3rd among the malignant tumors of female reproductive organs, and its pathogenesis is complicated, a major factor may be related to the abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells on the surface of the ovary caused by repeated ovulation of the ovary.In 1970, it was already reported that contraceptive pill can reduce the incidence risk of ovarian cancer. Subsequently, a number of studies have been conducted by scholars from various countries, and the results have shown that the contraceptive pill can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, and this conclusion has been recognized. The study of Hankinson et al. showed that the longer the duration of taking contraceptive pills, the lower the risk of ovarian cancer, the risk of ovarian cancer was reduced by 10% to 12% in 1 year, and after 5 years of using contraceptive pills, the risk of ovarian cancer was reduced by about 50%. Numerous studies in recent years have also shown that the pill has a protective effect on the development of ovarian cancer, and that the pill’s protection against the development of ovarian cancer may work by inhibiting ovulation and lowering blood gonadotropin levels. In 2013, Havrilesky et al. conducted a meta-analysis of 24 related studies in PubMed and other databases, which showed that the use of birth control pills could reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by 27% compared with that of women who had never taken birth control pills, and the extent of the reduction in the risk was related to the duration of the use of the pills, and those who had been taking birth control pills for 10 years or more could reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by at least 50%; the results also showed that birth control pills had a protective effect on the development of ovarian cancer. The results also showed that the degree of reduction in the risk of ovarian cancer by the pill is related to the age of first taking the pill and the length of time since the last pill, the earlier the age of first taking the pill and the shorter the time since the last pill, the stronger the effect of reducing the risk of ovarian cancer. It has been recognized that the risk of ovarian cancer is reduced in women taking the pill, and the earlier the age of first taking the pill and the longer the time between taking the pill, the lower the risk of ovarian cancer, and the protective effect can still persist after stopping the pill. 2.Contraceptive pills and endometrial cancer: endometrial cancer is one of the three common gynecological malignant tumors, and most of the endometrial cancers are estrogen-dependent.Schlesselman’s Meta-analysis of the data of many long-term observations within the early period after the marketing of contraceptive pills showed that the relative risk of endometrial cancer was 0.44 when the contraceptive pills were used for 4 years, 8 years, and 12 years, respectively, 0.33 and 0.28 respectively. suggesting that the use of the pill significantly reduces the risk of endometrial cancer and that the protective effect continues to increase with continued use. In the same study, the relative risk of endometrial cancer was 0.33, 0.41, and 0.51 even after 5, 10, and even 20 years of discontinuing use of the pill, confirming that the protective effect of the pill in preventing endometrial cancer still persists. The mechanism by which contraceptive pills reduce the risk of endometrial cancer may be that contraceptive pills inhibit the stimulation of endometrial lining by estrogen secreted by the ovaries themselves, and at the same time, the highly effective progesterone component of contraceptive pills can sufficiently transform the endometrium to prevent endometrium from over proliferation, and the cyclic use of contraceptive pills can also cause the endometrium to shed and discharge at regular intervals, thus achieving the function of protecting the endometrium and reducing the probability of its cancerous development. In recent years, more scholars’ recent studies have further proved that the use of contraceptive pills has a protective effect on the occurrence of endometrial cancer. Contraceptive pills and cervical cancer: Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of female genital organs in clinical practice, and it has been recognized that persistent infection with high-risk HPV is the most important causative cause, and other pathogenic factors include multiple sexual partners, sexual debut at <16 years of age, early childbirth, multiple births, and so on; however, the correlation between contraceptive pills use and the risk of cervical cancer is not clear. 4, contraceptive pills and breast cancer: breast cancer is the most common female malignant tumors, excessive use of exogenous estrogen is one of the high-risk factors for breast cancer. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed that the use of contraceptive pills does not increase the risk of breast cancer. 2002, Marchbanks et al. conducted a comprehensive study, found that women aged 35 to 64 years old, regardless of recent or previous use of COC, the incidence of breast cancer with the same age of women who did not take contraceptives did not have a significant difference in the two groups of the relative risk of breast cancer were 1.0 and 0.9; in the long-term use of contraceptives, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.0 and 0.9, respectively. 0.9; the incidence of breast cancer was also not increased in women who had been taking the pill for a long period of time and in those who were taking birth control pills containing high doses of estrogen (≥50 μg of ethinyl estradiol). In addition, there was no further increase in the incidence of breast cancer in women with a family history of breast cancer who took COCs.WHO's Medical Criteria for Choice of Contraceptive Methods states that the pill does not increase the risk of breast cancer and is an appropriate contraceptive choice not only for women of childbearing age in general, but also for women with a family history of breast cancer; women with a family history of breast cancer need to have regular breast exams during its use. regular breast examinations. The common cognitive problems associated with the clinical use of contraceptives today have wide-ranging implications, seriously distressing clinical staff and preventing women from properly choosing the appropriate contraceptive method, which can result in serious injuries that they should not have to suffer.