In modern society, tumors are one of the major killers that threaten human health. The most common tumors of female reproductive system are cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, respectively. In China, for women, breast cancer and cervical cancer are the two most common types of tumors among all female tumor types, while in developed regions of China, the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased significantly due to the vigorous implementation of census. Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine body cancer, has shown a significant increase in incidence in recent years, which may be related to the longer life expectancy of women, in addition to healthcare and medical checkups that make women health conscious and alert to abnormal uterine bleeding, as well as excessive exposure to or application of estrogenic substances, endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy in developed countries such as the United States. In recent years, ovarian cancer has attracted widespread attention, partly due to the significant increase in incidence, and in addition it is the most malignant of gynecologic tumors with the worst prognosis, while in the United States it is the fourth cause of tumor-related death in women. Therefore, these three most common types of gynecological tumors seriously affect the health of the majority of women. In normal daily life, it is important to strengthen the awareness of their own health care, especially for women with family history, and pay attention to the potential symptoms of tumor occurrence. Cervical cancer is still the most prevalent gynecological tumor that threatens women in China. The age span at the onset of the disease is large, 15-85 years old, with the peak age being at 50 years old, but in recent years, it has been found that there is a trend of younger patients with cervical cancer, with “30-40 patients increasing significantly. Now it is clear that more than 95% of cervical cancer is closely related to a kind of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is a sexually transmitted disease, so women with early sexual life, multiple sexual partners, and multiple histories of unclean sexual life are the high-risk group for the disease. In fact, some women are infected with HPV by their husbands, so it is very important to maintain a harmonious and healthy sex life between couples. 80% of cervical cancer patients have vaginal bleeding or increased bloody discharge after sex, which is medically known as “contact vaginal bleeding”. “This kind of bleeding is not related to the menstrual cycle and is bright red in color, the amount can be more or less, but most patients can stop bleeding spontaneously; in addition, it occurs immediately after sex, which is related to the bleeding caused by the penis hitting the cervical lesion. Therefore, some patients describe themselves as “bleeding after intercourse” and only find it when they go to the hospital. Of course, benign cervical lesions can also manifest as “contact vaginal bleeding”, such as chronic cervicitis and small cervical sinuses. In any case, if these symptoms occur, you should go to the hospital to eliminate the possibility of cervical cancer. There are also some patients with cervical cancer, some of them are in early stage or even in late stage, who have no clinical manifestation at all and are only discovered during routine gynecological screening. Therefore, women with a history of sexual life should pay attention to gynecological examination. In developed countries, the incidence of cervical cancer is very low, mainly due to “cervical smear”, which is the most common gynecological examination, and includes a small bamboo scrape to remove the surface of the cervix and some tissues in the cervical canal to check for precancerous and cancerous cells. This test is widely available in most of our country, however, due to various factors, health promotion needs to be strengthened. In recent years, due to the discovery of a close relationship between HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer, some hospitals have also recommended testing for HPV virus in the cervix. The combination of cytology and HPV virus testing can detect cervical lesions at an earlier stage, and colposcopic biopsy is promptly recommended for some patients to further clarify the nature of cervical lesions. Endometrial cancer has the best prognosis among common gynecologic tumors because most patients are in the early clinical stage when diagnosed with the disease. Vaginal bleeding after menopause is the main complaint of most patients at the time of consultation. Due to the vigorous promotion of women’s health care knowledge, when bleeding occurs again after menopause (at least 1 year after menopause), most women can realize that it is abnormal bleeding and the ensuing state of anxiety and tension, and can go to the hospital as soon as possible. The diagnosis of endometrial cancer relies on pathological examination of the uterine cavity scrapings, which is relatively convenient and quick, and thus can be detected early. However, some patients are not menopausal, but their menstruation is irregular, manifested as irregular bleeding or increased menstrual volume and prolonged menstrual period. The obstetrician and gynecologist will discharge endometrial cancer as a possible basis. In most cases, a pathologic diagnosis of endometrial cancer is also required. Patients with endometrial cancer may sometimes present with abnormal vaginal discharge due to tumor exudate or secondary infection, but this is not as common as cervical cancer, and it is very rare to have abnormal discharge without bleeding. Some patients also present with pain in the lower abdomen, which may be related to spasmodic contraction of the uterus caused by the cancerous foci. Before the onset of endometrial cancer, patients often already have high-risk factors that need attention. 1. obesity can significantly increase the risk of endometrial cancer, with weight exceeding 15% of normal, especially in short and centripetal obese women, the risk increases 3 times, so it is beneficial to lose weight as early as possible; 2. diabetes mellitus also has 2.8 times the risk of endometrial cancer than normal people, and even under the condition of good blood sugar control, the risk of endometrial cancer cannot be reduced accordingly; 3. The risk of endometrial cancer in women with hypertension is 1.5 times higher than that in women with normal blood pressure, and some scholars have summarized the above three conditions of obesity, hypertension and diabetes as the “triad” of endometrial cancer, which deserves attention; 4. Women who are not pregnant are also found to be one of the high-risk groups for endometrial cancer, probably due to the long-term stimulation of the endometrium by estrogen; 5. Late menopause The risk of endometrial cancer increases 2.4 times for those who menopause at or after the age of 52 compared with those who menopause before the age of 49, because most of them do not ovulate in the latter years, thus prolonging the stimulating effect of estrogen on the endometrium; 6. Other high-risk factors include polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian stimulation by childbirth. syndrome and ovarian tumors stimulated by childbirth, etc. Excessive estrogen status in the body can also stimulate endothelial carcinogenesis. Therefore, near-menopausal women should strengthen their awareness of self-care and should not ignore abnormal bleeding under any circumstances, especially when the above-mentioned high-risk factors are present. In this way, early detection and early treatment will lead to a good prognosis. Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor, mainly because the ovary hangs in the pelvic cavity, ovarian cancer patients lack typical clinical symptoms, unlike endometrial cancer and cervical cancer, which lack effective screening methods. About 75% of women are actually in advanced stage when they are diagnosed with the disease, showing extensive metastasis of pelvic and abdominal organs, and some patients have a large amount of ascites, in addition, ovarian cancer cells can be resistant to later chemotherapy In addition, ovarian cancer cells can gradually develop drug resistance to later chemotherapy, which makes patients lose the chance of treatment, so the 5-year survival rate always hovers around 30%. Abdominal mass is a common symptom, however, in early stage, it is not easy for patients to detect, and sometimes it is not detected even when the mass reaches above the umbilical level. Abdominal distension or thickening of waist circumference and weight gain are also atypical symptoms, caused by a large amount of ascites. In some patients, a large mass with a floating ball feeling can be palpated in the upper abdomen when the large omental metastasis is severe and pancake. A significant number of patients come to the hospital with symptoms caused by ascites. Some patients may also present with low fever, loss of appetite, nausea, constipation and other digestive symptoms. By this time, most patients have actually developed extensive metastasis in the abdominal cavity. Ovarian cancer is probably the tumor with the strongest family history among gynecological tumors. Studies have shown that women with a family history of ovarian cancer or breast cancer have a significantly higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. CA125 is a very effective biochemical index for screening ovarian cancer, and it is also one of the most successful tumor markers, and can be used as a monitoring index during the treatment of ovarian cancer and as an index for judging recurrence. Gynecological pelvic examination and ultrasound examination are also effective means to detect pelvic masses, which are routine tests in gynecological examination. Therefore, don’t neglect gynecological examination. There is a category of ovarian cancer that comes from germ cell differentiation and is called ovarian germ cell tumor, such as immature teratoma and asexual cell tumor are common. Patients have a small age of onset, with an average age of about 20 years old. They have an abdominal mass on examination, and it is often found due to the twisting or rupture of the mass, which manifests as sudden onset of lower abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and sometimes shock symptoms, in addition to the rapid progress of the disease, which is a characteristic of ovarian cancer in young women and often requires emergency surgery, and is often found to be malignant intraoperatively. All the above gynecological tumors are common types of tumors, which bring serious danger to women’s health. Therefore, you should have health awareness, pay attention to annual gynecological examination, don’t ignore the typical discomforting signs and symptoms, and seek medical consultation in hospital in time.