A. Nephrotic syndrome: Patients with nephrotic syndrome are often accompanied by gastrointestinal mucosal edema and ascites, which affects digestion and absorption. It is advisable to have an easy-to-digest, light, semi-liquid diet. In nephropathy, a large amount of urine protein is lost, and the body is in a state of protein malnutrition. At present, we advocate a high-quality protein diet of 0.7-1.0 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. Almost all patients with this disease have hyperlipidemia, limit the intake of animal fat, and supply rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as fish oil) and vegetable oils (soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil) in the diet. For high edema, restrict sodium intake to less than 3 grams of salt per day, and supplement with trace elements appropriately. 1, sodium intake: edema should be into a low-salt diet, so as not to aggravate edema, generally not to exceed 3g of salt per day is appropriate, prohibit pickled products, less use of MSG and alkali, swelling subsided, plasma protein close to normal, you can resume the ordinary diet. 2, protein intake: nephrotic syndrome, a large amount of plasma protein excretion from the urine, the human body protein decreased and in a state of protein malnutrition, hypoproteinemia so that the plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreased, resulting in edema stubbornly difficult to eliminate, the body resistance also decreased, so in the absence of renal failure, its early, extreme phase should be given a higher quality protein diet (1 ~ 1.5g/kg * d), such as fish and meat, etc. This helps to alleviate the hypoproteinemia and some of the ensuing comorbidities. However, a high protein diet can increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, putting glomerular capillaries under high pressure, and also increase urinary protein by consuming large amounts of protein, which can accelerate glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, for chronic, non-polar nephrotic syndrome patients should consume a smaller amount of high-quality protein (0.7 ~ 1g/kg*d), as for the emergence of chronic renal impairment, should be low protein diet (0.65g/kg*d). 3, fat intake: patients with nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia, which can cause arteriosclerosis and glomerular damage, sclerosis, etc. Therefore, the intake of cholesterol-rich and fatty foods such as animal offal, fatty meat, certain seafood should be limited. 4, trace elements supplementation: due to increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane in patients with nephrotic syndrome, in addition to the loss of a large amount of protein in the urine, but also the loss of certain trace elements and hormones combined with protein, resulting in the lack of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements, should be given appropriate supplementation. Generally, you can eat vitamin and trace element-rich vegetables, fruits, grains, seafood and other non-cholesterol-rich and high-fat food to supplement. Second, uric acid nephropathy: should drink more water to ensure adequate urine volume (more than 2,000 ml per day); control the intake of purine, take a low purine diet, less than 100 grams of meat per day; and should not eat lentils, spinach, wine, tea, coffee, animal offal, nuts and other animal and plant foods. Third, renal insufficiency: 1, non-dialysis patients: it is advisable to low protein diet, try to control the intake of protein. Eat more starch to increase calories. 2, dialysis patients: to ensure adequate nutrition and make up for the loss of dialysis, to ensure positive nitrogen balance; daily protein to high-quality protein; family members should prepare a food composition table, as a reference for the selection of food. Four, chronic nephritis: is a group of glomerular diseases caused by a variety of causes. The disease has a long course, many types, and diverse clinical symptoms, which can range from asymptomatic (only abnormalities are found during routine urinalysis) to marked hematuria, proteinuria, swelling, and hypertension. It is because of the many types of the disease and the complexity of the clinical manifestations, so the dietary therapy must be differentiated according to the patient’s kidney function and arranged deftly. In light cases without renal impairment, a balanced diet with slight salt restriction is sufficient. However, if there is more urine protein loss or low plasma protein, but the blood creatinine and urea nitrogen are not high, the amount of protein in the diet can be increased appropriately, but not too much, 1-1.2g/kg*d is appropriate. According to the latest opinion, long-term high protein diet is not good for chronic nephritis, it will increase the burden on the kidneys and accelerate the deterioration of kidney function. 2, chronic nephritis hypertensive type patients, in order to control blood pressure, salt intake should be limited, according to the condition of the patient to give less salt or salt-free diet.