Along with increasing industrialization, a variety of pollutants affect human health through different environmental media, and airborne pollutants are often the most directly harmful to humans. Although reasonable environmental protection measures can help to improve environmental quality, at this stage, the continuous decline of air quality leads to a variety of acute and chronic diseases in human beings, which has become an urgent problem in the field of public health. First of all, air pollutants can enter the human body through the respiratory tract. Since the structure of each part of the respiratory tract is different, the retention or absorption of exogenous substances is also very different. The deeper the entry site, the larger the diffusion area, the longer the residence time, and the greater the amount absorbed by the body. In addition, after entering the alveoli, exogenous substances are directly transported to the whole body to play a role because they are not metabolized and transformed by the liver, so the harmful substances absorbed through the respiratory tract tend to be the most harmful to the organism. In addition, air pollutants can enter the human body through the digestive tract via food, water and soil, and can also affect the health of the body through direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes. Air pollutants can have direct or indirect effects on humans. If the concentration of air pollutants in a short period of time increased dramatically, so that the inhalation of a large number of pollutants in the population poisoning is an acute hazard. For example, the famous London smog event, only in two weeks, more than four thousand people died, mostly for the elderly population, most died of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union was also horrifying, and these radioactive pollutants drifted with the southeast winds to northern Europe, causing air hazards in northern European countries. In addition to acute hazards, air pollutants affect human health through chronic hazards. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and other long-term repeated stimulation of the body can cause various types of pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases, and then gradually develop into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Atmospheric pollutants can also reduce the body’s immunity, causing different allergic reactions. In addition, statistical surveys have shown that the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases increases in people who are chronically exposed to atmospheric particulate matter. There is also the American Cancer Society research survey found that the atmospheric PM2.5 concentration of every 10μg/m3, lung cancer mortality increased by 8%. In addition to the above acute and chronic hazards, air pollutants can also affect human health indirectly in various ways. The greenhouse effect caused by the increase of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide warms the climate, which in turn favors the reproduction of pathogens and related organisms, thus causing a variety of biologically-mediated infectious diseases, and warming the climate can also cause heat-related diseases and the incidence of allergic diseases to increase. The impact of Freon and halon substances destroys the ozone layer in the atmosphere, causing cataracts and skin cancer in the population. Sulfur dioxide and other pollutants increase due to acid rain, increase the solubility of harmful metals in the soil, accelerate the transfer of hazardous substances to crops, and thus jeopardize human health, etc. are typical cases of air pollutants indirectly affecting human health. It can be seen that although the air is invisible, the harm caused by air pollution is immediately visible. Humans in the continuous pursuit of high technology, developed industry and a large amount of wealth at the same time, if you do not take into account all kinds of environmental pollution, and ultimately the human beings to bear the responsibility to be carried. While protecting the environment, we should also protect ourselves from the harm caused by environmental pollution. At present, the serious haze environment, causing great distress to human beings, in order to minimize the harm of PM2.5 to human beings, we advocate that we start from small habits, to do outdoor travel with effective masks, indoor washing, gargling, cleaning the nasal cavity. Ultimately, we hope that through the joint efforts of society, we can create a safe and healthy living environment.