The symptoms of kidney stones generally depend on the size of the stone, the degree of obstruction and the presence of secondary infection. In the absence of infection, an inactive stone in the kidney can remain asymptomatic for a long time, and in cases where the stone has caused renal insufficiency, there are no conscious symptoms, which are only detected incidentally when an abdominal radiograph is taken. However, most patients usually have symptoms. The main symptoms of kidney stones are pain and hematuria. According to statistics, about 75% of patients with kidney stones have back pain. When the stone is large and less mobile in the renal pelvis, the pain is mostly dull and sometimes vague. When the stone is small and has a large mobility in the renal pelvis, the pain is dull and sometimes vague. It is easy to cause obstruction in the ureteral junction of the renal pelvis and renal colic occurs. Colic is a sudden onset of severe pain that usually starts in the lower back and radiates down the ureter to the bladder. The pain is usually paroxysmal, usually lasting a few minutes or up to several hours, and is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, sometimes with a pale, sweaty and faint face. Another symptom of kidney stones is hematuria, which occurs suddenly when there is a lot of physical activity, such as overwork, excessive exercise, horseback riding and car riding. However, the presence of hematuria is usually mild and not visible to the naked eye, but in every case, a microscopic examination of the urine is important as a few to many red blood cells can be seen under the microscope. Some patients do not have the typical clinical pain and hematuria of stone disease, but rather they seek medical attention for symptoms of urinary tract infection. In this group of patients, if the primary cause of the infection is not pursued, and if urological plain films and intravenous urographic radiography are not performed, the presence of stones can be easily overlooked. A history of occasional discharge of stones or small grains of sand in patients with kidney stones can be helpful for diagnosis. If bilateral kidney stones cause obstruction or if the patient’s only kidney becomes obstructed, this can be followed by acute anuria. Sometimes one kidney stone can cause back pain on the opposite side due to the kidney-to-renal reflex. Unilateral renal stone obstruction can also cause acute anuria. In addition, if a kidney stone does not cause hydronephrosis or secondary infection due to obstruction, physical examination may show percussion pain in the kidney area or no abnormalities.