How to know the severity of hypospadias

  Many parents ask me how many degrees of hypospadias their child has. In fact, this is a very common term. Internationally, there are distal, intermediate and proximal urethra types, which are commonly referred to as 1, 2 and 3-4 degrees, depending on the position of the urethral opening after the penis is straightened. Within each of these types, there are several types. You can refer to the diagram to get a general idea of your child’s condition. The closer the urethral opening is to the proximal end, the longer the urethra that needs to be formed.  According to the diagram, parents can get a general idea of their child’s condition, but they should not have the idea of laughing at 50 steps, because hypospadias is a very delicate surgery, not some minor surgery of cutting the foreskin. On the contrary, the penis is a very critical and important organ, and even the distal hypospadias requires a shaped urethra, which is a big problem for urination and future marriage and childbirth.  For posterior urethral hypospadias, especially scrotal and perineal hypospadias, with cryptorchidism or scrotal split or penile scrotal transposition, we also recommend chromosomal examination before surgery, as this type of hypospadias is prone to chromosomal abnormalities and even hermaphroditism. Once the chromosomal return is hermaphroditic, further laparoscopic surgery and gonadal biopsy pathology will be required.  On the other hand, after parents know the approximate location of the urethral opening of their child, they also need to clarify the development of the penis. We need to check the maximum diameter of the penile head, which is usually 1.2-1.3 cm in maximum diameter before surgery, otherwise, hormone therapy is needed first. In terms of treatment, there are more than 300 surgical methods for hypospadias so far. Of course, many of these methods have been eliminated, but that speaks volumes about the complexity and uncertainty of results of hypospadias surgery.  Through my year-long visit and exchange in the United States and my years of experience, I believe that a good hypospadias surgeon should master several common international surgical approaches so that treatment can be individualized to the child’s condition. The individualized treatment plan will minimize the chance of complications for the child.