Hypospadias is a relatively common congenital anomaly that occurs in about one out of every 300 births. The reason for this is that the urethral opening does not reach its normal position because the urethral groove is not completely closed, and the opening is on the ventral side of the penis, at the penile-scrotal junction or in the perineum in front of the anus, so the disease can be detected at a glance. The danger is that it affects urination and later married sex life, and has a greater impact on the sexual physiological development of the affected child. There are four types of hypospadias, among which the penile scrotal and perineal types of children cannot stand during urination like normal boys, but must sit or squat. This can lead to psychological disorders during childhood due to ridicule. Therefore, to avoid psychological trauma, it is best to start treatment around the age of 6 months to 1 year. There are more than 300 surgical methods to correct hypospadias, all of which have the same goal: first, to straighten the penis and give it a good appearance; second, to repair the urethral opening to the head of the penis. The surgery can restore normal urination and the completion of sexual life in adulthood. The common complications of surgery are mainly urinary fistula and urethral stricture, which often require two or even more surgeries to heal. Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital adopts a minimally invasive surgical method to treat coronal and corporal hypospadias, and adopts an advanced stage I procedure to treat penile scrotal and perineal hypospadias, with a phase I healing rate of over 90% and a postoperative appearance close to or normal, which is at the most advanced level in China. What should I do if I find “hypospadias”? The main manifestation of hypospadias is the abnormal appearance of the penis, the penis is bent downward, the foreskin is distributed like a “turban”, and the opening of the urethra is in an abnormal position. If you find that your child has an abnormal penis, it is possible that he or she has hypospadias. Please see a pediatric surgeon or pediatric urologist promptly so that the doctor can confirm the diagnosis and make a preliminary treatment plan. When should hypospadias be treated? It is important to finish the whole treatment process before the child has a memory, because hypospadias may require more than one operation to finally heal, and the best age to start treatment is currently recommended internationally between 6 and 12 months. Our department uses microscopic techniques to treat hypospadias early in line with international standards and has achieved good results. What do I need to pay attention to in the treatment of hypospadias? Before the operation, we should pay attention to the health of the child and perform the operation when the child is in good health. After surgery, the child should be kept in bed for a long time, and the drainage tube should be protected. The child’s diet should be light and nutritious, with sufficient dietary fiber to ensure smooth bowel movements. We have the most professional nursing team to guide the post-operative care, and parents can cooperate well with us. After removal of the urinary catheter, let your child drink more water, encourage urination, observe urination and give feedback to the doctor. There is no need to be too nervous and discouraged if you find any leakage or other problems. You should reflect the situation to the doctor in detail and should build up your confidence that it can be cured eventually. Figure 1:Typical appearance of hypospadias. Figure 2.1: Pre-operative lateral view of hypospadias. Figure 2.2: Pre-operative inferior urethral cleft view. Figure 2.3: Intraoperative lateral view of hypospadias. Figure 2.4:Intraoperative suburethral cleft view. Figure 2.5: Lateral view 50 days after hypospadias, with the same normal appearance as after circumcision. Figure 2.6: Close-up of the urethral orifice 50 days after hypospadias, with normal position and shape.