With the statistical data in recent years: the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China is 10.8%, the incidence is very high. In our clinical work, during various routine examinations such as health check-ups, enlistment physical examinations, induction physical examinations and health check-ups, more and more people are found to have abnormal changes in urine, elevated renal function indexes and structural changes in imaging of both kidneys, without obvious clinical symptoms. Patients visit nephrology specialists, and when nephrologists explain to patients their condition and the need for renal puncture biopsy, some patients show fear, dread, worry and even insomnia, which indicates that people do not understand the importance of renal puncture biopsy. Today, I will popularize this knowledge to you. 1. Since the clinical manifestations of kidney disease and the type of pathology are not “one-to-one”, individual differences are very prominent. For example, in a patient with nephrotic syndrome, the main clinical features are edema, massive proteinuria (>3.5g/24h urine), hypoproteinemia (<30g/L) and hyperlipidemia, which are easily diagnosed; however, the pathological types include: microscopic nephropathy, tegumentary proliferative nephritis (mild, moderate and severe), IgA nephropathy (Lee's grade I, II, III, IV and V), focal stage glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy (stage I, II, III, IV), etc. Only through the pathological diagnosis derived from kidney biopsy, the best and most effective treatment can be obtained, and as far as possible to avoid empirical treatment leading to delayed disease. 2, the human body has 1 to 1.5 million glomeruli in each kidney, and most of the kidney punctures can only take out 10 to 50 glomeruli per kidney, which accounts for a very low proportion; after the age of 40, each person has about 10,000 glomeruli sclerosis and loss of function every year, so kidney biopsy has less impact on kidney function. 3, need to do adequate pre-puncture preparations: prone position breath-holding exercises, bedside urination and defecation, ideological and cognitive preparations, etc. At the same time, preoperative tests such as routine blood, coagulation series, liver and kidney function, lipids, hepatitis series, autoantibody series, systemic vasculitis determination, tumor series (elderly patients), blood group, electrocardiogram, ultrasound of kidney and renal vessels, etc. should be performed. There are many more, but I hope that every patient is clear: the purpose of the traumatic examination is to clarify the type of disease, guide the treatment, determine the prognosis of the disease, etc. In order to avoid the development of early nephritis to chronic renal failure, uremia, to truly achieve "early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment".