Treatment of gallstones (a) Non-surgical treatment of gallstones 1. Lithotripsy (oral lithotripsy with bile acids and other drugs): the main drugs for lithotripsy are goose deoxycholic acid and its derivative ursodeoxycholic acid. There are strict indications, including: ① negative stones under 2cm in diameter; ② the gallbladder duct is open and the patient’s liver function is normal; ③ there is no obvious history of chronic diarrhea. 2, Chinese medicine lithotripsy and lithotripsy for stone removal (suitable for patients with fine sand-like stones and less intact gallbladder function) 3, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): the main indications for treatment of gallbladder stones by shock wave lithotripsy are cholesterol stones in the gallbladder, negative stones on oral cholecystography, and a normal gallbladder contraction function is required. These above conservative treatments, whether lithotripsy or lithotripsy, require strict indications, have a high recurrence rate, and have the risk of triggering obstructive jaundice, and are rarely used in actual clinical practice. (B) Surgical treatment of gallstones: It is currently recognized as an effective means of treating gallstones. The specific methods are: 1.Traditional open surgery to remove the gallbladder for stone extraction: the application is gradually decreasing. 2, open exploration of the bile ducts to remove stones 3, laparoscopic minimally invasive removal of the gallbladder: the application is increasingly widespread and popular. 4.Laparoscopy combined with cholangioscopy to explore the bile ducts for stone extraction 5.Small incision bile stone extraction method (suitable for those patients with intact gallbladder function and young age, it is also a better method to remove the stones and preserve the gallbladder at the same time.)