Short stature is defined as individuals of the same race, sex and age who are two standard deviations (-2SD) below the mean height of the normal population or below the 3rd percentile (-1.88) in similar life circumstances, some of which are normal physiological variants. In order to make a correct diagnosis, appropriate clinical observations and laboratory tests must be performed in children with growth retardation. There are many factors leading to short stature, including many interactions, and the mechanism of short stature due to many diseases has not yet been clarified. For children with short stature, a comprehensive examination must be conducted to identify the cause, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.