In the past, open surgery was required, with incisions of more than 10 centimeters, bleeding, trauma, serious damage to kidney function, and slow recovery; it also cut off a large amount of muscle, affecting postoperative motor function; and caused extensive perirenal adhesions, making reoperation very difficult. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a surgical method to diagnose and treat intrarenal diseases by establishing a surgical channel from the skin to the renal collecting system and placing an endoscope into the renal calyces and renal pelvis through a small incision of less than 1 cm in the skin. Percutaneous nephrological technique is an important part of endoluminal urology technology, especially in the treatment of upper urinary tract stones, which together with ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has become the main modern treatment method and has revolutionized the traditional open surgery surgical treatment. In recent years, with the accumulation of clinical practice and experience, improvement of technology and instruments, its operation method has been greatly developed, and the treatment scope has been gradually expanded for: 1, larger stones, larger than 2 cm; 2, antler-shaped kidney stones; 3, stones in the lower renal calyces; 4, simultaneous urinary obstruction at the distal end of the stone; 5, after the failure of other treatment methods, such as ESWL; 6, obese patients, with skin to The distance from the skin to the stone is too large and ESWL has difficulty in positioning; 7. Embedded ureteral stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is very traumatic, does not damage muscles, does not affect motor function, maximizes preservation of renal function, less bleeding, and fast recovery after surgery. At present, most doctors at home and abroad use the prone position for surgery, which is uncomfortable for patients and affects their breathing, and often requires general anesthesia. Our department overcomes this technical problem and is the first in China to perform percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the reclined position, which is comfortable for the patient and requires only epidural anesthesia, which reduces trauma and saves money.