Iodine deficiency can lead to an enlarged thyroid gland or a lump or nodule in the thyroid gland. Since the thyroid gland is an endocrine organ that secretes thyroid hormones and iodine is the main component of thyroid hormones, if a patient has insufficient iodine intake or iodine deficiency, it may cause compensatory hyperplasia of the thyroid follicles, which may lead to goiter or thyroid nodules over time, including endemic goiter, nodular goiter, or even thyroid cancer. If the patient has a lump or nodule in the thyroid gland, it is necessary to improve the relevant examination. If the lesion is benign, consider surgery to remove the larger lesion, or if it is a malignant tumor, perform radical tumor surgery.