The thyroid gland is rich in blood supply and is surrounded by important tissues such as trachea, esophagus, nerves and blood vessels, which makes surgery more risky. Clinically, thyroid tumors can be classified into tertiary surgery and quadruple surgery according to their specific nature. Among them, benign thyroid tumors, such as thyroid adenoma and thyroid cyst, are classified as tertiary surgery, that is, medium to large surgery. Since benign tumors do not require peripheral lymph node dissection during surgery, the surgery is relatively less invasive, with fewer postoperative complications and faster healing. However, for malignant thyroid tumors, all thyroid glands need to be removed and lymph nodes need to be cleared at the same time, which increases the chance of damaging the laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands.