Nodular goiter is a common benign thyroid disease in general surgery outpatient clinics with a high incidence. The main cause is diffuse goiter caused by the patient’s long-term exposure to an iodine-deficient environment, where part of the epithelium of the thyroid follicle forms restricted hyperplasia and multiple nodules, which is known as nodular goiter. The main clinical manifestations are as follows: 1. diffuse goiter of varying degrees bilaterally, with asymmetric size on the left and right; 2. single or multiple nodule-like changes can be palpated, and some nodules are large and may bleed within the nodules, causing pain or sudden enlargement of the thyroid swelling; some nodular goiters may be combined with hyperthyroidism, with the main symptoms being chest tightness, palpitations, arrhythmia, and agitation.