Now that China has entered an aging society, there are often elderly people who say they are dizzy and uncomfortable. Carotid artery stenosis is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people, often accompanied by a variety of cardiovascular risk factors, and its incidence is high, accounting for about 9% of those suffering from carotid artery stenosis in people over 60 years old. The common cause of carotid stenosis is atherosclerosis, which is the formation of plaques in the carotid artery wall. When these plaques increase in size or rupture, they can cause carotid stenosis or embolism, causing a decrease in distal perfusion pressure and leading to hypoperfusion cerebral infarction. This makes the relationship between carotid stenosis and cerebral ischemic stroke very close. Carotid stenosis itself has no typical clinical manifestations and is often not easily detected. Some patients may show symptoms due to cerebral ischemia, such as tinnitus, vertigo, darkness, blurred vision, dizziness, headache, insomnia, memory loss, drowsiness, and excessive dreaming. The clinical manifestations in the early stage include sudden onset of numbness, hypesthesia or abnormal sensation, upper or lower limb weakness, facial muscle paralysis and sudden blackening of one eye, etc. If it occurs in the language center side of the cerebral hemisphere, it can cause language impairment, and this symptom appears only for a few minutes, or can be for several hours, but completely recovered within 24 hours, which is often called “mini-stroke This is often referred to as a “mini-stroke,” or transient ischemia (TIA). Severe cases will show typical symptoms of cerebral infarction, which can cause severe neurological dysfunction, such as hemiplegia, aphasia, hemianopia, sensory impairment, cerebral nerve damage, and even coma and death. However, many patients with carotid stenosis do not have any clinical signs and symptoms of the nervous system. Sometimes, only a weakened or absent carotid artery pulsation is detected during physical examination, and a vascular murmur is heard at the root of the neck or at the carotid artery meridian. Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, especially severe stenosis or plaque ulceration, is recognized as a “high-risk lesion” and is receiving increasing attention. What are the risk factors for carotid artery stenosis? Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, and various risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as age (>60 years), gender (male), long-term smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia are also applicable to screening for carotid stenosis due to atherosclerosis. High-risk groups include patients with TIA and ischemic stroke, patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease, patients with coronary artery disease (especially those requiring coronary artery bypass or intervention) and those with carotid artery vascular murmurs detected during physical examination. The diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis is based on clinical symptoms, physical examination and imaging examinations. Currently, the main imaging methods used in clinical practice include carotid ultrasound, transcranial color Doppler, CT angiography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Among them, DSA is the “gold standard” of examination. If you have any of the above clinical manifestations or risk factors, it is recommended that you go to your local hospital for the appropriate tests. Treatment for arterial stenosis is currently based on medication, carotid endarterectomy, and carotid stenting. Drug therapy is only effective for mild stenosis. For severe stenosis (more than 70% of the vessels are blocked), only surgical treatment is available, and the standard surgical procedure is carotid endarterectomy. With the popularization and development of interventional techniques, it has now become a simple and effective way to treat carotid stenosis because of its advantages such as less trauma and shorter blood flow blockage time. The main prevention of carotid stenosis is to pay attention to maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle habits, eating more fruits and vegetables and other high-fiber foods, eating more eggs, soybeans and other high-protein foods, paying attention to a light diet, and exercising in moderation. When significant carotid artery stenosis is found, actively go to the hospital for treatment to prevent strokes.