Stroke, commonly known as stroke, is one of the three leading causes of death in the elderly and can be divided into two types: hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. Hemorrhagic strokes are mainly caused by the hardening and rupture of blood vessels in the capsule area of the brain. Ischemic stroke is a clinical manifestation of insufficient or blocked blood supply to the brain, mainly due to atherosclerotic plaques or ulcers in the extracranial or intracranial blood vessels supplying the brain, resulting in significant narrowing or occlusion of the lumen. The latter is more common than the former, with carotid stenosis being the most common, accounting for approximately 80% of extracranial and intracranial occlusive lesions. The carotid artery is the main artery leading to the head and face of the body. As the body ages and the blood vessels harden, atherosclerotic plaques can form in the artery, causing carotid stenosis. As these plaques increase in size, they can become calcified, hemorrhagic, necrotic, and dislodged, resulting in occlusion of the carotid artery and embolism of the blood vessels in the brain. Statistics show that in patients with stroke, about 2/3 of cerebral infarction is related to carotid artery stenosis. In our clinical practice there are many patients with severe carotid artery stenosis detected by carotid ultrasound, which is at a high incidence of stroke, but due to the lack of proper understanding of the benefits and harms of treating carotid artery stenosis and stroke, the patients failed to deal with it in time, and as a result, ipsilateral stroke and hemiplegia occurred. Ischemic stroke caused by carotid artery sclerosis-occlusive disease is mostly seen in male patients over 50 years of age and is often referred to as mini-stroke because the symptoms are significantly different from the severe coma and signs caused by hemorrhagic stroke. There are two types of ischemic stroke attacks. One is called a transient ischemic attack, which has a sudden onset and lasts for a short period of time and may be without impairment or with a brief loss of consciousness. Patients can report sudden effects on some neurological function, such as weakness or numbness in one limb, or difficulty with speech or blackness in front of the eyes for a short period of time. It usually lasts for several minutes or hours, and often recovers completely within 24 hours without sequelae. However, this symptom tends to recur, more often than not several times a day, and less often than once every few weeks, months to years. The manifestations of localized neurological dysfunction often vary according to the area of vascular innervation. For example, in ischemic attacks of the common carotid artery, mild paralysis of the contralateral limb is the most common, and there may be lateral paralysis of the same side with sensory abnormalities. Transient monocular blindness, on the other hand, is characteristic of ophthalmic artery ischemia, also known clinically as transient blackness. Ischemia of the left common and internal carotid arteries may be associated with aphasia. Carotid artery sclerosis can also cause persistent cerebral ischemia, which often starts during sleep and develops slightly more slowly, with symptoms peaking in a few hours to 1-2 days, and neurological dysfunction generally does not return to normal, resulting in varying degrees of sequelae. Treatment for carotid stenosis is currently divided into non-surgical and surgical treatments. Non-surgical treatment includes the control of high-risk factors and the prevention of stroke. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, smoking and advanced age are the high-risk factors for atherosclerosis. Therefore, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia should be actively controlled to effectively stop the development of carotid artery stenosis. Anti-platelet drug therapy can prevent microthrombosis and thus prevent stroke. Anticoagulation therapy can be applied to patients with transient ischemic attacks who remain symptomatic during the application of antiplatelet drugs. However, it is currently used only for the degree of stenosis.